Unit 2 (Modules 4-8) Vocab

Question 1

Case Studies, Naturalistic Observations, and Surveys are all examples of ____________ to describe behaviors.

Answer 1

descriptive methods

Question 2

Answering incorrectly factual questions is often the result of ____________.

Answer 2

overconfidence

Question 3

When determining the correlation coefficient, scientists often look at a graphed cluster of dots known as ____________.

Answer 3

scatterplots

Question 4

In an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment, is called the ____________.

Answer 4

control group

Question 5

People saying to one another after a friend’s divorce “I saw that coming a long time ago”, is an example of ____________.

Answer 5

hindsight bias

Question 6

A quick and easy way, often inexpensive, to obtain the self-reported attitudes of a specific group, is to use ____________.

Answer 6

surveys and interviews

Question 7

If a participant in an experiment shows marked improvement after receiving an inert substitute, they are illustrating the ____________.

Answer 7

placebo effect

Question 8

Factors that are not being studied but might still influence a study’s outcome are called ____________.

Answer 8

confounding variables

Question 9

A testable prediction, often implied by a Theory, is called a ____________.

Answer 9

hypothesis

Question 10

Observing behavior in a Natural Setting without trying to manipulate the situation is called a ____________.

Answer 10

natural observation

Question 11

True or False, does Correlation prove Causation?

Answer 11

false!

Question 12

If, when doing some sort of a group experiment, every person in the group has an equal chance of being selected to participate, the experimenter has attained a ____________ of the population.

Answer 12

random sample

Question 13

In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment is called the ____________.

Answer 13

experimental group

Question 14

In an experiment, the factor being manipulated is called the ____________.

Answer 14

independent variable

Question 15

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together is called ____________.

Answer 15

correlation

Question 16

When conducting an experiment, and you use chance to assign participants to either the experimental or control group, you are using ____________.

Answer 16

random assignment

Question 17

In Psychology, something that explains behavior by organizing observations is known as a ____________.

Answer 17

theory

Question 18

When looking to see how strongly two variables are related, and when one goes up the other goes down, is an illustration of a ____________.

Answer 18

negative correlation

Question 19

A statistical index of the relationship between two things, ranging from -1.00 to +1.00 is called the ____________.

Answer 19

correlation coefficient

Question 20

If both the research participants and staff are ignorant about who has received the actual treatment or a placebo, it is known as a ____________.

Answer 20

double-bind procedure

Question 21

In an experiment, the outcome that is measured, it may change when the Independent Variable is manipulated, is called the ____________.

Answer 21

dependent variable

Question 22

A research method in which the tester manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect it has on behavior, using random assignment, is called an ____________.

Answer 22

experiment

Question 23

Scientists can replicate the experiments of others because carefully worded ____________ can be followed.

Answer 23

operational definition

Question 24

The Genovese Stabbing incident that illustrated the “Bystander Effect”, is an example of Psychologists using a ____________ to look at behavior.

Answer 24

case study

Question 25

Repeating an experiment with different participants in order to see if the basic findings can be reproduced, is called ____________.

Answer 25

replication

Question 26

If many scores in a distribution lack symmetry around their average value, it is known as a ____________ Distribution.

Answer 26

skewed

Question 27

A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution is known as a ____________.

Answer 27

histogram

Question 28

Psychologists do not put much value in any study unless the probability of the results being due to chance is under ____________ %.

Answer 28

5

Question 29

Numerical datathat allows researchers to infer from sample data, the probability of something being true of a population is called ____________.

Answer 29

inferential statistics

Question 30

The Arithmetic Average of a distribution is called the ____________.

Answer 30

mean

Question 31

On average, about what percentage of cases fall within one standard deviation from the mean ____________

Answer 31

68

Question 32

When researchers give potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether or not to participate, they are giving them ____________

Answer 32

informed consent

Question 33

The measurement of the gap between the lowest and highest scores in a distribution is called the ____________

Answer 33

range

Question 34

If researchers believe that any observed differences in a study are not due to chance, they say it is ____________.

Answer 34

statistical significance

Question 35

After an experiment’s conclusion, the researcher explains to the participants the study’s purpose and any deceptions used. This is called ____________.

Answer 35

debriefing

Question 36

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score is the ____________.

Answer 36

standard deviation

Question 37

In a distribution, half the scores are below and half the scores are above the ____________

Answer 37

median

Question 38

Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of a group is called ____________.

Answer 38

descriptive statistics

Question 39

A symmetrical, bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data, is called a ____________.

Answer 39

normal curve (normal distribution)