Unit "1": Native American Societies Before European Contact Vocab

Question 1

Bering Strait

Answer 1

A crossable land bridge during the Ice Age which native americans crossed to get to north america 15,000 years ago. No longer exists.

Question 2

Maize Cultivation

Answer 2

7,000 years ago: Allowed hunters and gatherers to become stationary and beging to develop unique societies and cultures.

Question 3

Northwest Coast

Answer 3

Natives here had an abundance of food from fishing and lumber from the forests so they could establish permanent villages.

Question 4

Southwest

Answer 4

Natives here lived in caves and under cliffs, because maize could survive the dry weather they were able to settle down and lived in adobe style home. Movied rivers with irrigation.

Question 5

North East

Answer 5

Agriculture(farming) based settlements; Three Sisters Farming

Question 6

Three Sisters Farming

Answer 6

Used by Iroquois, consisted of corn, beans, and squash. When planted together these plants nurtured eacchother and grew better.

Question 7

Southeast

Answer 7

Had fertile soil and fishing thanks to rivers. Allowed for big populations and lots of trading.

Question 8

Cahokia

Answer 8

Village in southeast with 25,000 people.

Question 9

Great Plains

Answer 9

Dry arid climate was not good for famring to they were nomadic. They followed hers of buffalo in teepees which were easy to build and take down.

Question 10

South American Natives

Answer 10

Very advanced, understoof space, time and the solar system. Pyramids took great engineering.

Question 11

Tenochtitlan

Answer 11

Aztec capitol larger than any European city; written language and irrigation.

Question 12

Why did europeans explore toward the west?

Answer 12

By the time Asian goods made it across to Europe they were very expensive, Portugal wanted to cut out the “middleman” and find a way to sail directly to Asia.

Question 13

Why not sail around Africa?

Answer 13

Boats sucked and the winds were too strong.

Question 14

Caravel

Answer 14

Small, fast ship designed for sailing oppsed to naval battle invented by Prince Henry the Navigator in early 1400’s. Allowed for sailing around Africa.

Question 15

Trading Post Empire

Answer 15

Portugal became a trading post empire olong the coast of Africa after the invention of the caravel and became wealthy.(1400’s)

Question 16

Reconquista

Answer 16

Carried out by Ferdinand and Isabella after they united Aragon and Castille to form Spain.

Question 17

Christopher Columbus

Answer 17

Sailed the ocean blue in 1492; funded by Ferdinand and Isabella. Goes west because Portugal dominated coast of Africa and Italy dominated Mediterrenian Sea.

Question 18

New World

Answer 18

Christopher Columbus introduces the New World to Europe; Carribean Sea, Bahamas, Cuba, etc.

Question 19

Columbian Exchange

Answer 19

An exchange of food, animals, goods, people, culture and diseases between the New World and the Old World.

Question 20

What did the Old World Recieve?

Answer 20

Tobacco, avocados, tomatos, squash, corn, cassava, potatos, beans,

Question 21

What did the New World recieve?

Answer 21

Disease, livestock, horses, coffee, olives, bananas, grains, honeybees

Question 22

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Answer 22

Line dividing new worls between Spain and Portugal; line gets pushed back when they realize how big the continent is

Question 23

What were the impacts of the Columbian Exchange on Europe? (Positive)

Answer 23

New caloric foods allowed for large population growth, went from feudalism to capitalism

Question 24

Feudalism

Answer 24

Wealth based on land, people labor for protection; in this system landowners held power

Question 25

Capitalism

Answer 25

Wealth based on money; wealthy merchants had power in this system

Question 26

What were the impacts of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas? (Negative)

Answer 26

Population decrease, mostly because of disease but also because of labor and conquest; 40 million - 3 million natives in 150 years

Question 27

How did Europeans manage to easily conquer the natives?

Answer 27

They took advantage of native rivalries and disease wiped most of them out. Ex: Cortez’s 600 men vs the 300,000 people in Tenochtitlan.

Question 28

How did the discovery of the New World impact Africa?

Answer 28

As Europe conquered land in the New world they needed more slaves but Natives kept getting sick or running away into the jungles so, African slavery was brought to a new level

Question 29

God, Gold, and Glory

Answer 29

Spread Catholicism to the Natives, gain wealth and glory for Spain and for themselves

Question 30

Encomienda System

Answer 30

Spanish Crown gave land to “encomenderos.” Supposed to exchange labor for protection and education but the reality was harsh.

Question 31

Middle Passage

Answer 31

Route to transport Afriacan slaves to the new world. 10-15% died of disease from being packed so closely and starvation.

Question 32

Spanish Caste System

Answer 32

Peninsulares: Born in Spain
Creoles: Desendants of Peninsulares
Mestizos: Spanish + Indian
Mulattoes: Spanish + African
Native Americans
African Slaves

Question 33

Describe Spanish demographics in the New World

Answer 33

Spain sent mostly men in large numbers so there were many mixed children, society was diverse and they were extremely cruel to the natives.

Question 34

Describe French demographics in the New World

Answer 34

France sentmostly men in small numbers because they were interested in trading and had mosrtly friendly relations.

Question 35

Describe English demographics in the New World

Answer 35

England sent over lots of families to settle so there was not many mixed children, England never developed a system to incorporate Natives into their society they just pushed them out.

Question 35

Differing Views on Trade

Answer 35

Euro: Wealth led to status and trade was just a transaction, thought Natives were bad at business.
Native: Trade was ceremonial & led to relationships and status, starved together or ate well together, saw Europeans as greedy

Question 36

Differeng Views on Land

Answer 36

Euro: Land was private property that was fenced off and passed down
Native: Land belonged to the tribe and thought they were only sharing land with the English not giving them full ownership

Question 37

Differing Views on Gender

Answer 37

Euro: Men led home, went to war, and were in politics, women maintained the home and had few political rights, viewed native men as lazy.
Native: Men hunted, fished and went to war, they left for days weeks or months at a time so women farmed and maintened the home.

Question 38

Differing Religions

Answer 38

Europeans: Monotheistic, wanted Natives to convert
Natives: Pantheists/Animists, willing to recognize and add Christian figures into their Pantheon

Question 39

Monotheistic

Answer 39

One God; Christianity

Question 40

Pantheist/Animist

Answer 40

Multiple Gods; plants and animals have spirits

Question 41

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Answer 41

(mainly religious) Oppression led to Native uprising (AKA Pope’s Rebellion); 4,000 SPA colonizers died +priests, burned churches; only successful Native uprising in N. America.