Unit 2 Study Guide

Question 1

Define inorganic

Answer 1

Compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

Name the four classes of organic compunds that are central to life on earth

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 3

What is the function of a carbohydrates

Sugars and starchs

Answer 3

Functions-energy
A.sugar-quick energy
B.starch-long term energy

Question 4

What makes up carbohydrates

Answer 4

Carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen

Question 5

What is the function of a lipids

Fats,oils,and waxes

Answer 5

Fat-stores energy(2x as much as carbohydrates)
Plant wax-keeps plants from dehydrating
Cholesterol-forms membranes of cells and organells

Question 6

What makes up lipids

Answer 6

Carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen(less oxygen than in carbohydrates)

Question 7

What are the functions of proteins

Long chains of amino acid

Answer 7

A.Enzymes
B.Hormones
C.structural parts of organisms

Question 8

What makes up proteins

Answer 8

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and nitrogen

Question 9

What are the functions of nucleotides

Answer 9

DNA-stores genetic information

RNA-makes proteins

Question 10

What makes up nucleic acids

Answer 10

A-Made up of nucleotides

B-a nucleotide consists of a 5 carbon sugar group,a phosphate group,and a nitrogen base

Question 11

What are enzymes

Answer 11

are proteins with exceptions

Question 12

What is catalyst

Answer 12

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 13

What are the characteristics of enzymes

Answer 13

Are not used up in a reaction
Combine with substrates
Speed up the rate of a reaction

Question 14

What are enzymes used for…….

Answer 14

Digestion,respiration,reproduction,vision,movement,and thought

Question 15

Define substrate

Answer 15

Reactions that are affected by an enzyme

Question 16

Define active site

Answer 16

region where substrate binds to the enzyme

Question 17

What measures the hydrogen ion level of a solution

Answer 17

Ph scale

Question 18

What kinds of solution contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

Answer 18

Acidic solution

Question 19

What is the name for a compound with many sugar subunits linked together

Answer 19

Polysaccharide

Question 20

What are the positively charged particles of a nucleus called

Answer 20

Protons

Question 21

What is the name for the region where the substrate bunds to the enzyme

Answer 21

Active site

Question 22

What kind of organic compound are oils,waxes,and fats an example

Answer 22

Lipids

Question 23

What are the individual subunits that make up DNA and RNA

Answer 23

Nucleotides

Question 24

What is a long chain of amino acids called

Answer 24

Proteins

Question 25

What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons

Answer 25

Covalent chemical bonds

Question 26

What sugar does DNA contain

Answer 26

The sugar deoxyribose

Question 27

If the ph is greater than 7 it is called

Answer 27

A basic

Question 28

What sugar does RNA contain

Answer 28

The sugar Ribose

Question 29

Negatively charged particles of an atom are called

Answer 29

Electrons

Question 30

What are the individual subunits that make up proteins

Answer 30

Amino acids

Question 31

This nucleic acid stands for “ribonucleic acid”

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

This nucleic acid stores genetic information

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

Name for reactants that are affected by an enzyme

Answer 33

Substrate

Question 34

Name for any substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 34

Enzyme

Question 35

One sugar

Answer 35

Monosacharie

Question 36

Sugars,starches,and cellulose belong to this category

Answer 36

Carbohydrates

Question 37

DNA and RNA belong to this category of biological molecules

Answer 37

Nucleic acids

Question 38

When the ph equals 7 it is

Answer 38

Neutral

Question 39

Define organic

Answer 39

Compunds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms