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Nutrition > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

2 reasons for eating

A

The energy and the raw material

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2
Q

How our body uses food

A

We break things down (catabolism) , then we build things back up (etabolism)

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3
Q

6 steps to digestion

A
  1. ingestion
  2. Propulsion
  3. Mechanical breakdown
  4. Chemical breakdown
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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4
Q

Most important organ for digestion

A

The small intestine, 90% of absorption

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5
Q

Digestion

A

The process of breaking food into components small enough to be absorbed by the body

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6
Q

Absorption

A

The process of taking substances into the interior of the body

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7
Q

Gastrointestinal tract parts

A

Hollow tube consisting of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

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8
Q

Transit time

A

The amount of time it takes food to pass the length of the GI tube.

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9
Q

Feces

A

Body waste, including unabsorbed food, bacteria, and dead cells

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10
Q

Mucus

A

Viscus material produced by cells in the mucosal lining of the gut; mucus moistens, lubricates and protects the gastrointestinal tract

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11
Q

Enzymes

A

Protein molecules that speed up the chemical reactions. They are not changed during reactions

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12
Q

Barrier functions

A

The protective role that gastrointestinal cells have in limiting the absorption of harmful substances and disease-causing organisms.

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13
Q

Antigen

A

A foreign substance (almost always a protein) that, when introduced
into the body, stimulates an immune response

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14
Q

Immune system cells that are present in the GI tract

A

o Phagocytes
o Lymphocytes
o Antibodies

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15
Q

The mouth

A

Is the entry point for food into the body

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16
Q

Saliva

A

In the mouth moistens food. Contains amylase

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17
Q

Salivary amylase

A

helps to break down
carbohydrates and lysozymes which help to inhibit bacterial growth in the
mouth

18
Q

Voluntary vs involuntary swallowing

A

Voluntary until the pharynx, not after that

19
Q

Bolus

A

Food and saliva in the mouth

20
Q

Parastalysis

A

The squeezing down of bolus into the stomach

21
Q

Chyme

A

A mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions

22
Q

Parietal cells

A

Cells in the stomach lining that make hydrochloric acid and intrinsic
factor in response to nervous or hormonal stimulation

23
Q

Pepsinogen

A

An inactive protein-digesting enzyme produced by gastric glands and
activated to pepsin by acid in the stomach.

24
Q

Pepsin

A

A protein-digesting enzyme produced by the gastric glands. It is
secreted in the gastric juice in an inactive form and activated by acid in the stomach.

25
Q

Cephalic phase

A

Before food enters the body, Thought, smell, sight, taste of food stimulates gastric secretions and stomach motility

26
Q

Gastric phase

A

Food entering stomach increases gastric secretions and motility

27
Q

Villi (villus)

A

Finger-like protrusions of the lining of the small intestine that participate
in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

28
Q

Microvilli (brush borders)

A

Minute, brush-like projections on the mucosal cell
membrane that increase the absorptive surface area in the small intestine. Mechanical breakdown. Have capillaries to pick up nutrients

29
Q

Lacteal

A

A tubular component of the lymphatic system that carries fluid away
from body tissues. Lymph vessels in the intestine are known as lacteals and can transport large particles such as the products of fat digestion.

30
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Cholecystokinin A hormone released by the duodenum that stimulates the release of
pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes and causes the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum

31
Q

Intestinal phase

A

Food entering the small intestine triggers hormonal and nervous system signaling.
Small intestine

32
Q

Large intestine parts

A

Colon and rectum

33
Q

Large intestine purpose

A

Absorb water and some vitamins and minerals

34
Q

Alternative feeding methods

A

o Enteral or tube feeding

o TPN: total parenteral nutrition

35
Q

Cell membranes

A

The membrane that surrounds the cell contents

36
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Cellular organs that carry out specific metabolic functions

37
Q

Cytosol

A

The liquid found within cells

38
Q

Organelles

A

Cellular organs that carry out specific metabolic functions

39
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cellular organelle responsible for providing energy in

the form of ATP for cellular activities.

40
Q

Metabolism

A

is the combination of catabolic and metabolic pathways

41
Q

Metabolic pathways

A

A series of reactions needed to transform food into a final

product that can be used by the body.

42
Q

Catabolic pathways

A

release energy trapped in chemical bonds.

• Energy from catabolic reactions is converted into ATP.

Nutrition (8 decks)

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