unit 3

Question 1

revolution

Answer 1

• a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.
• some synonyms are: Rebellion, Revolt, Insurrection, Mutiny, Uprising, Riot , insurgents, Coop, and overthrow.

Question 2

3 criteria for a revolution

Answer 2

1. unsatisfied with status quo
2. people must present a plan that is better than status quo
3. put plan in action

Question 3

tragic : meaning

Answer 3

something tragic has occurred but was needed for a necessary change to the status quo. it could be for the greater good but there will be negative consequences.

Question 4

Renaissance

Answer 4

• meaning rebirth in french
• social movement that started in Italy and significantly changed art, literature, and education
• spreader to northern Europe, France, Germany, England, Spain etc in the 1400’s

Question 5

Humanism

Answer 5

• cultural movement that focused on the study of classical works for literature.
• humanists believe that learning a variety of topics lead to a better life on Earth rather than focusing mostly on getting to heaven.
• medieval thinkers believe that spirituality and Faith were more important to study than self-worth

Question 6

classical scholarship

Answer 6

the liberal arts were reintroduced like the studies of grammar, music, logic, and arithmetic.
- people returned to studying the classical world of ancient Greeks and Romans.
- people could explore new topics

Question 7

secularism

Answer 7

• The View that religion should not be the center of human affair.
• before the Renaissance many viewed Earth as the ends of getting into heaven.
• during Renaissance people begin to realize life is an opportunity of enjoyment and happiness

Question 8

individualism

Answer 8

• third idea that took hold during the Renaissance
• in the Middle Ages Collective group was more important than the individuals. this changed when people realize that the individual is more important than the community
• allowed artists Architects authors to move away from religious topics and explore more.

Question 9

Christian humanism

Answer 9

• the northern European Renaissance was a bit different than the one in Italy which they brought what they learned in different countries
• northern Europe started to use Christian humanism
• traditional humanists focused on the history of Christianity and what they believe to be the law of love revealed by Jesus Christ.

Question 10

Leonardo De Vinci

Answer 10

• Renaissance Man meaning a person who has a lot of talents is what they call Leonardo being the original
• he was a talented artist but also talented and engineering architecture and music.
• some other famous artists were Michelangelo, Paul Rubens, and Peter Bruegel.

Question 11

Martin Luther

Answer 11

-catholic Priest who devoted his life to the church
- created 95 Theses for the church
- usually reads and interprets the Bible
-translates in german

Question 12

95 Theses

Answer 12

• Martin Luther’s 95 complaints to the church by seeing how they were corrut by selling fake indulgence that wouldn’t do anything.
• spread around Europe
• ruler argued against the selling of indulgences

Question 13

Protestant Reformation,

Answer 13

• those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church became known as Protestants
• essentially started what was known as the Protestant Reformation
• people who protest against something / at the time, the 95 theses.

Question 14

Catholic Reformation

Answer 14

• the stop of Protestantism
• sometimes done peacefully sometimes done violently
• not allowing people to protest

Question 15

indulgence

Answer 15

• document given by the Pope
• document forgives a person from the consequences of the sins he or she committed
• only the pope can give it

Question 16

Scientific Revolution

Answer 16

• series of events that led to Scientific Revolution
• questions of culture art and purpose of Earth
• lasted from 1540 to 1700

Question 17

scientific method

Answer 17

• way to conduct orderly and reliable experiments
• step by step process for experiments
• improved scientist theories

Question 18

Ptolemy

Answer 18

• first person to say that the Earth was the center of the universe
• wrote about astronomy and geography
• Catholic Church believed his thoughts

Question 19

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 19

• polish astronomer
• he came up with Earth and planets revolved around the Sun.
• sun and planets around Earth did not make sense to him so he realized that he was right.

Question 20

Galileo Galilei

Answer 20

• Italian scientist
• first look at the sky through a telescope
• first to see craters on the moon

Question 21

Sir Isaac Newton

Answer 21

• English scientist
• known as the greatest scientist or discoverer of all time
• thought of gravity and gravity then became a law
• also thought and created motion which also became law

Question 22

National Assembly

Answer 22

• what’s the Third Estate called themselves
• met in a nearby tennis court for a meeting
• they were the peasants
• the meeting was to discuss equal representation and how they have a voice with the two other Estates

Question 23

3 Estates

Answer 23

• the first estate is the clergy
• the second estate is nobility which are the church officials
• and the third is peasants which is everyone else including the poor.

Question 24

King Louis XVI

Answer 24

-the weak King of France that did not help anyone
- created three Estates/social classes
- brought every run bankrupt because he wanted all the money

Question 25

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 25

• main leader of insurgents who planned the killings
• when he died he ended the reign of terror which he started by killing them
• increased war and invaded many places

Question 26

Marie Antoinette

Answer 26

• queen of France and King Louis
• told King to follow her by asking for his money by getting servants expensive gifts and travels.
• both died to insurgents.

Question 27

Jacobins

Answer 27

• leader of insurgents
• attacked Paris Royal homes including the king and queen’s
• arrested the king

Question 28

Reign of Terror

Answer 28

• extreme brutal system of justice
• suspected enemies of Revolution were murdered
• lasted a year

Question 29

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 29

• military General and emperor of France
• successful campaigns during revolutionary Wars
• Poison to death

Question 30

child labor

Answer 30

-factory’s didn’t have to pay them as much as adults.
-they can all be more packed into an area
-have small hands so they can fit them into small spaces.

Question 31

industrial revolution

Answer 31

-process of change from and agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing.
-began in great Britain

Question 32

Arab spring

Answer 32

• a protest and event against corruption, aggression, unemployment to end and overthrow dictators for a better government because of how many unemployed people they have because of the government.
• happened in Tunisia and then sprayed to North Africa and parts of the middle east.
  -began from a fruit seller that wanted justice.

Question 33

Mohammed Bouazizi

Answer 33

• man who sold fruit on his cart that started the Arab spring.
• he got confiscated by police for not having a license.
• he offered to pay for a license but instead police and government humiliated him and took his whole cart making him unemployed.
• he responded to them by lighting himself on fire In front of the government

Question 34

Refugee

Answer 34

someone who flees their home country because of a dangerous event that is going on there and isn’t livable/ is unsafe who looks for some place safer to live.

Question 35

guillotine

Answer 35

• a machine with a heavy blade, used for beheading people
• a machine used in the french revolution as a fast way of killing people by chopping their head off.