Unit 3

Question 1

Revolution

Answer 1

A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system; Sub-types, Political, Social, Religious, Technological/Industrial EX: French Revolution, American Revolution

Question 2

3 Criteria for Revolution

Answer 2

1. Upset with status Quo (existing state of affairs)
2. Present a Plan
3. Plan put in action AND a change happens

Question 3

Tragic Necessity

Answer 3

When something tragic had to happen for something good to happen; EX: American Revolution, Protestant Reformation

Question 4

Renaissance

Answer 4

In French means “Rebirth”; Began in Italy in 1300’s; Spread to northern Europe in 1400’s; significant change in art, literature, education

Question 5

Humanism

Answer 5

Study of classical work from literature from ancient world; believed learning a variety of topics led to better life on earth

Question 6

Classical Scholarship

Answer 6

People studying classical world of Romans and Greek

Question 7

Secularism

Answer 7

life is opportunity for enjoyment + pleasure; religion should not be center of human affairs

Question 8

Individualism

Answer 8

Human worth; 1 can be better than a whole community; allowed artists, architects, authors, composers to use imagination

Question 9

Christian Humanism

Answer 9

North Reniassance; Christian humanists focused on history of Christianity what they believed to be law of love revealed by Jesus Christ.

Question 10

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 10

“Renaissance Man”; was good at engineering, architecture, music, anatomy, dissecting horses ,human cadavers to learn how bones and muscles worked together

Question 11

Indulgence

Answer 11

Def: Passes to shorten the time spent in purgatory before heaven; Could buy before the sin, and for dead people; Catholic Church is basically selling tickets to heaven

Question 12

Inquisition

Answer 12

Religious court; for religious crimes; All in the name of God; In Spain;

Question 13

Martin Luther

Answer 13

German Catholic priest; Saw priests acting sinfully, and decided to create his own church because church was corrupt; Nail 95 Theses to the door of the church; People realized Luther was right and joined him; Excommunicated from the Church; Launched Protestant Reformation, Protestism;

Question 14

Catholic Reformation

Answer 14

To many people were joining Luther so the church made new rules: Valid Priests, No more indulgences, Sent Missionaries, Traditional Catholic beliefs

Question 15

Protestant Reformation

Answer 15

Problems in the Roman Catholic Church; Protestant, Protest; Made a new church, started this;

Question 16

95 Theses

Answer 16

Nailed to the door of the Church by Martin Luther;

Question 17

Scientific Revolution

Answer 17

The end of using the Bible to explain Earth; Proves many things are wrong about what the Church said; Time of trial and error; Importants people: Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Issac Newton;

Question 18

Scientific Method

Answer 18

7 Step way to prove something; 1. Think about problem/develop a purpose question, 2. Research/Observe/Provide previous knowledge, 3. Come up with hypothesis, 4. Conduct experiment, 5. Collect and analyze data, 6. Develop conclusion, 7. Further questioning;

Question 19

Ptolemy

Answer 19

Said that everything revolves aroung the earth; Told the Catholic church this and the Church believed;

Question 20

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 20

Polish astronomer; Published a book (1543) On The Revolution of the Celestial Spheres; Contradicts Ptolemy; Earth and planets revolve around sun; Galileo Galilei proved his theory;

Question 21

Galileo Galilei

Answer 21

Proved Copernicus’s Theory; Known for using experiments to prove theory; Italian; 1st to see craters/mountains on the moon

Question 22

Sir Isaac Newton

Answer 22

Principia Mathematica (1687) peak of revolution; Proved so many theories they becam laws; Most famous laws, gravity, motion

Question 23

King Louis XVI

Answer 23

King of France during the French Revolution; Sparked the storming of the Bastille; Forced to move out of Versailles and to move to Paris; Tried to escape Paris, no luck; Killed by the guillotine in 1793;

Question 24

Marie Antionette

Answer 24

Wife of King Louis XVI; Queen of France during French Revolution; Did not say “Let them eat cake.”; Guillotined in October of 1793;

Question 25

Jacobins

Answer 25

Tried to hijack the revolution; A group of radical revolutionaries who thought the kingis giving away the throne; Declared France a republic in 1792; Assembly fired at Jacobins as they were trying to make a Republic;

Question 26

Reign of Terror

Answer 26

French Gov. sent army to countryside to steal from itself; Between 1793-99, 16000 guillotined; More killed by guns; Committee of Public Safety lead by Maximillien Robespierre; 10 years

Question 27

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 27

Seized control in 1799; Dictator of France; First ruler since King Louis XVI; Was a French general;

Question 28

National Assembly

Answer 28

3rd Estate; Made themselves an assembly; Tennis Court Oath; Stormed the Basstile to gain weaponry to fight; Released the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen; Women stormed Versailles and dragged the King/Queen to Paris

Question 29

3 Estates

Answer 29

1st Estate, Clergy, didn’t have to pay taxes; 2nd Estate, Nobility, payed little taxes if any; 3rd Estate, National Assembly, payed all taxes, 98% of people, fight in all wars, have no representation;

Question 30

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 30

Order a lot of killings; Head of Committee of Public Safety; Did not like Church of Loyalty;

Question 31

Industrial Revolution

Answer 31

A change from handicraft economy to one dominated by the industry; Started in GB in the 18th century; Spread across the world; Child labor sparked; Many innovations; Population moved from rural ares to cities;

Question 32

Mohamed Bouazizi

Answer 32

Lived in Tunisia; Was a fruit cart owner; Set off revolution; Stood outside local gov. building and set himself on fire; Showed that the gov. was corrupt/authoritarian;

Question 33

Refugee

Answer 33

Def: A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster; Lots of these Arab Spring countries had refugee crisis’s;

Question 34

Arab Spring

Answer 34

In Northern Africa/Middle East; Revolution; Sparked by Bouazizi; Revolution spread through Northern Africa/Middle East from social media; Revolted because of corrupt/authotarian gov.; Some countries still fighting;

Question 35

Child Labor

Answer 35

Could work for lower wages; Mistreated; Smaller for smaller work spaces; Sparked during Industrial Revolution; Illegal now;