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APWH Sem. 2 Final > Unit 3 (1450-1700s) > Flashcards

Unit 3 (1450-1700s) Flashcards

1
Q

What did imperial expansion rely on

A

Gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade

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2
Q

Tamerlane

A

Father of gunpowder empires

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3
Q

Gunpowder Empire

A

A large group of Muslim states that used gunpowder to conquer land

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4
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Sunni; nearest to Europe

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5
Q

Safavid Empire

A

Shia; Iraq/Iran

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6
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Syncretic; India

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7
Q

Russian Empire

A

Orthodox Christian; Russia

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8
Q

Mehmed II

A

Leader of the Ottoman Empire which reached its maximum power under

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9
Q

Sunni Islam

A

Any devout Muslim can be a leader

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10
Q

Shia Islam

A

Only descendants of the great prophet Mohammed can be a leader

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11
Q

Ismail

A

Safavid ruler that used gunpowder to conquer territory

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12
Q

Abbas the Great

A

Safavid ruler that forced captured Christian boys to serve in the army and used Shia to unify his empire

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13
Q

Barbur

A

Mughal Muslim leader and descendant of Tamerlane that used gunpowder to conquer northern India (Hindu)

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14
Q

Akbar the Great

A

Mughal leader that tolerated all religions, marrying Hindu women, exempting them from the jizya poll tax, and tried to prevent child marriage/sati

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15
Q

Emperor Kangxi

A

Leader of Qing China that used gunpowder to conquer Central Asia

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16
Q

White Lotus Rebellion

A

An unsuccessful peasant revolt in China caused by high taxed

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17
Q

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

A

Russian leader who expanded into Siberia using gunpowder and cossacks (peasant warriors); wanted to control fur trade; forced boyars to move to Moscow to watch over them

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18
Q

What caused conflicts between states

A

Political and religious disputes

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19
Q

Battle of Tabriz

A

A fight between the Ottomans and Safavids that the Ottomans won, stopping Safavid expansion

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20
Q

Aurangzeb

A

Akbar the Great’s Muslim successor who persecuted Hindus/other religious minorities, leading to the collapse of the Mughal empire

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21
Q

Who did rulers recruit to maintain their power?

A

Bureaucratic elites and military professionals

22
Q

Ming Dynasty Government

A

Used Confucian-Based Civil Exam and re-established scholar-bureaucrats (continuity)

23
Q

Devshirme

A

Ottoman program that forced Christians to serve in the government

24
Q

Janissaries

A

A special Ottoman military unity made up of Christian boys (devshirme)

25
Q

England’s Bureaucratic Elites

A

“Justices of Peace” who maintained law and order

26
Q

Boyars

A

Russia’s bureaucratic elites that owned and governed land

27
Q

Oprichnina

A

Ivan IV’s secret military force that did his will

28
Q

Zamindars

A

Paid Mughal government officials who had specific jobs like collecting taxes

29
Q

Divine Right of Kings

A

The belief that God gave kings the right to rule

30
Q

Askia the Great

A

Made Islam West Africa’s official religion and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca

31
Q

Filial Piety

A

A Confucianist principle that emphasized respect of elders and the emperor

32
Q

Taj Mahal

A

A monument built in the Mughal Empire to display power and honor Shah Jahan’s wife

33
Q

Ottoman Artichetual Achievements

A

The Sulaymaniyah Mosque and Islamized Hagia Sophia Church by Suleman I

34
Q

Palace of Versailles

A

A monument in France by Louis XIV that showed power and allowed him to watch over nobles

35
Q

China Architectural Achievements

A

The Forbidden Palace by Ming Emperor Yongle and Qing Imperial Portraits

36
Q

Russia’s Tax System

A

Changed from a land tax to head (individual) tax

37
Q

Tax Farming

A

Private officials such as in the Ottomans collect taxes for the state

38
Q

Ming China’s Tax System

A

Collected tributes (gold/other valuables) from other states

39
Q

Incan Mit’a System

A

Mandatory public service was used as a tax

40
Q

Russia’s Social Hierarchy

A

Boyars, Merchants, then Peasants/Serfs

41
Q

Japan’s Social Hierarchy

A

Emperor, Shogun, Daimyos, Samurais, Peasants

42
Q

Ieyasu Tokugawa

A

Forbade Christianity from entering Japan and forced officials to have a house in Tokyo where either they or their family lived to keep them loyal

43
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Led by Martin Luther who disliked the Roman Catholic’s corruption of simony (buying high positions in the church) and indulgences (buying pardons for sins)

44
Q

Calvinism

A

Branch of Christianity by John Calvin that believed God decided for certain people to go to heaven and hell and the “protestant work ethic” was a sign of salvation

45
Q

Anglicanism

A

Created by Prince Henry VIII because the pope wouldn’t let him divorce

46
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

The Catholic’s rebuttal to the Protestant Reformation utilized inquisition courts to find other religions guilty, missionaries to spread their religion, and the Council of Trent to fix some of their corruptions

47
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

Allowed individual German states to choose between Catholicism and Protestant

48
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Signed by Prince Henry VIII to allow religious freedom

49
Q

30 Years War

A

A religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire

50
Q

Peace of Westaphalia

A

Allowed Holy Roman Empire states to choose between Lutheranism, Calvinism, or Catholicism

51
Q

Causes of Conflict between Ottomans and Safavids

A

Differing theologies (Otto. Sunni / Safa. Shia) and trade embargos

52
Q

Sikhism

A

Founded by Guru Nanak, a syncretic blend between Islam and Hindu where the religion was monotheistic but believed in the cycle of rebirth

APWH Sem. 2 Final (8 decks)

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