Unit 3 - Cell Structures and Function

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

1) All organisms are made of cells
2) All exsiting cells are produced by other living cells
3) The cell is the moist basic unit of life

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

A jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular builidng blocks

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

Structures speacialized to perform distinct processes within a cell

Question 4

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

Don’t have nucleus or other memebrane-bounbd organelles , and mostly single-celled organisms

Question 5

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

Have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles , and may be multicellular or single-celled organisms

Question 6

Cytoskeleton

Answer 6

A network of proteins that is constantly changing to meet the needs of a cell.

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

The storehouse for most of the genetic information, or DNA in your cells

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

An interconnected network of thin folded memebrances.

Question 9

Ribosome

Answer 9

Tiny organelles that link amino acids to form proteins

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Consists of closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins

Question 11

Vesicle

Answer 11

Small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the sytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place within the cell

Question 12

Mitochondrion

Answer 12

Supply energy to the cell, and bean shaped

Question 13

Vacuole

Answer 13

A fluid-filled sac used for the storage of amterials needed by a cell

Question 14

Lysosome

Answer 14

Membrane- bound orgnaelles that contain enzymes . They defend a cell from invading bacteria and viruses

Question 15

Centriole

Answer 15

Cylinder-shaped organelles made of shot microtubules arranged in a circle

Question 16

Cell wall

Answer 16

A rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to the cell

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

Organelles that carry out photosynthesis a series of complex chemiucal reactions that convert solar energy into energy-rich molecules the cell can use

Question 18

Cell membrane

Answer 18

The plasma embrane forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell

Question 19

Phospholipid

Answer 19

A molecule composed of thee basic parts
1) A charged phosphate group
2) glycerol
3) two fatty acid chains

Question 20

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 20

The arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell mebrane

Question 21

Selective permeability

Answer 21

It able to allow some, but not all, materials to cross

Question 22

Receptor

Answer 22

A protein that detects a signa l molecule and performs an action in response

Question 23

passive transport

Answer 23

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without enegry input from the cell

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

The movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of hgier concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 25

Concentration gradient

Answer 25

The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Question 27

Isotonic

Answer 27

If it has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell. Water molecules move into and out of the cell at an equal rate

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

Has a lower concentration of dissolved partices than a cell. Water molecules are more concetrated outside the cell than inside. Water diffuses into the cell, the cell membrane could potentially expands until it bursts

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

A higher concentration of dissolved particlees than a cell. Water concentration is higher inside the cell than outside. Water flows out of the cell, causing it to shrivel or even die

Question 30

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 30

The diffusion of molecules across a mebrance through transport proteins

Question 31

Active transport

Answer 31

Drives molecules across a mebrane from a region of lower concentration to a higher concentration

Question 32

Endocytosis

Answer 32

The process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing in a membrane

Question 33

Phagocytosis

Answer 33

The type of endocytosis in which the cell memebrane engulfs large particles. Means “ cell eating”, find foreign materials, such as bacteria, and engulf and destroy them

Question 34

Exocytosis

Answer 34

The opposite of endocytosis , the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the mebrane