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Biology 1 > Unit 3: Energy > Flashcards

Unit 3: Energy Flashcards

1
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

process by which organisms use energy from sunlight ti make the sugar glucose

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2
Q

what type of organisms do photosynthesis

A

plants. protists, and bacteria

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3
Q

what are the parts of the chloroplast

A

thylakoid, stroma, grana

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4
Q

what is chlorophyll

A

a pigment that absorbs light energy

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5
Q

how do gases enter and exit the leaves of plants

A

stromata

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6
Q

what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

sunglight + 6co2+ 6h20 = c6h2o6 + 6o2

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7
Q

what are products of photosynthesis

A

glucose and oxygen

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8
Q

what are the reactants of photosynthesis

A

light energy, carbon dioxide, and water

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9
Q

what are the two main stages in photosynthesis and where do they take place?

A

light dependant reactions- thylakoids
light independant reactions- stroma

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10
Q

what happens in light reactions

A

when something relies on the light, change to chemical energy, stored in nadph and atp

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11
Q

what is produced in the light reactions that goes to the Calvin cycle

A

atp and nadph

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12
Q

what happens in the calvin cycle

A

use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules

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13
Q

why is photosynthesis important

A

it transform water, sunlight and carbon dioxide into oxygen

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14
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

process that converts glucose into atp

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15
Q

which organisms do cellular respiration

A

plants, animals, other eukaryotes

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16
Q

what is atp

A

energy carrying molecule for cells ( fuel for the cell)

17
Q

what are the parts of the mitochondrion

A

matrix, cristae, inner/ outer membrane

18
Q

what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 = 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

19
Q

what are the reactants of cellular respiration

A

glucose and oxygen

20
Q

what are the products of cellular respiration

A

atp, carbon dioxide, and water

21
Q

what are the 3 stages of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis- cytoplasm, Kerbs Cycle- matrix, Electron transport chain- inner membrane ( mitochondria)

22
Q

what happens during glycolysis

A

glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy

23
Q

what happes during the krebs cycle

A

rest of glucose is broken down and electrons that are extracted go to the etc. Atp is made

24
Q

what happens during the electron transport chain

A

the electrons go through a chain of proteins that increases its reduction potential and causes a release in energy.

25
Q

what are the molecules that carry electrons to the electron transport chain

A

NADH

26
Q

how many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis, Krebs cycle, etc?

A

Glycolysis- 2
Kerbs Cycle- 2
Electron chain- 32-34

27
Q

what is the difference of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

aerobic- requires oxygen
anaerobic- doesnt require oxygen

28
Q

what types of organisms do anaerobic respiration

A

bacteria

29
Q

what is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation

A

2 atp and 2 lactic acid

30
Q

what is the byproduct of alcoholic fermentation

A

carbon dioxide, 2 atp, ethanol

31
Q

is cellular respiration or fermentation more efficient

A

cellular respiration because it releases more energy from glucose than fermintation

32
Q

why is a pyramid used to represent the energy and biomass

A

to show energy transfered

33
Q

how does energy flow through each level of an energy pyramid

A

90% is converted to heat, 10% is transferred

34
Q

how do autotrophs acquire energy

A

from sunlight or hetreotrophs

35
Q

what are the 4 types of heterophs what do they consume?

A
  • herbivores- only plants
  • carnivores- only meat
  • omnivores- both meat and plant
  • dertiovores- dead or decaying

Biology 1 (8 decks)

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