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MICROBIO > UNIT 4 > Flashcards

UNIT 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Groups of bacteria that retain SINGLE SHAPE

A

Monomorphic

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1
Q

Charac of bacteria

A

Absence of organelles
Unbound dna
Cell wall - peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Assume MANY shapes

A

Pleomorphic

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3
Q 
Cocci:
Single
Pairs
Clusters
Chain
Four
Eight
A 
Mono
Diplo
Staphylo
Strepto
Gaffkya tetrads
Sarcinae
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4
Q 
Bacilli:
Pairs
Chain
Palisades
Like cocci
Long and filamentous
A 
Diplo
Strepto
Corynes
Coccobacilli
Fusobacteria
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5
Q

Short thick
Belong to vibrionaceae family
1 or 2 curves & flagella

A

Rigid spirilla

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6
Q

Long thin
Spirocheteceae family
Periplasmic or axial filaments

A

Flexible

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7
Q

Spirochetes:flexible spirilla:
W straight ends-
Hooked ends-
Long deep curves-

A

Treponema
Leptospira
Borrelia

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8
Q

Only type of bacteria without a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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9
Q

Exhibits filamentous growths

A

Actinomyces
Nocardia
Streptomyces

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10
Q

Exhibits infectious agents: intracellular parasites

A

Rickettsia

Chlamydia

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11
Q

Facilitate attachment of capsules on host tissues

A

Fimbriae

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12
Q

Increase resistance against microbial control agents

A

Bacterial endospore

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13
Q

Acts as vehicle for transferring virulence to another bacteria

A

Pili

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14
Q

Popular technique to distinguish type of bacterial cell wall

A

Gram staining

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15
Q

Technique that distinguishes bacteria that have COMPLEX LIPIDS in cell wall

A

Acid fast staining

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16
Q

Responsible for gram positive cell walls ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY and REDUCES LYSIS

A

Teichoic acid

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17
Q

Thick peptidoglycan of gram positive..

A

More resistant to mechanical disruption

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18
Q

Link peptidoglycan to outer membrane in the periplasmic space

A

Lipoproteins

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19
Q

Area bet outer memb and plasma memb

A

Periplasmic space

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20
Q

Made up of lipid A and O polyssacharides

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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21
Q

Also called endotoxin
Released when bacteria undergo lysis
Responsible for symptoms of endotoxin shock

A

Lipid a

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22
Q

Act as antigenic structure and basis for distinguishing diff species of gram negative

A

O polysaccharide

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23
Q

Potential gateways for chemical that can destroy gram negative bacteria.
Allow permeability of nutrient

A

Porins

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24
Q

Primary dye-purple

Stains both +&-

A

Crystal violet

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25
Q

Secondary dye - red

A

Saffranin

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26
Q

Occur in saliva tears mucus which destroy gram + but not gram - unless outer memb damaged by ETHYLENEDIAMINOTETRAACETIC ACID

A

Lysozymes

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27
Q

Cell wall of algae and plants

A

Polysacc cellulose

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28
Q

Cell walls of yeasts

A

Polysacc glucan and mannan

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29
Q

Protective covering outside the cell membrane of protozoa

A

Pellicle

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30
Q

Pleomorphic Lack rigid cell wall

Presence of STEROL-protect against osmotic lysis

A

Mycoplasma

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31
Q

Smallest known bacteria that can survive grow and reproduce OUTSIDE LIVING HOST CELLS

A

Mycoplasma

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32
Q

May develop when bacteria are exposed to lysozymes and penicillin

A

Cell wall deficient variants “L forms”

33
Q

Gram + whose cell wall is completely destroyed so that contents are ENCLOSED ONLY BY CELL MEMB

A

Protoplast

34
Q

Gram - cell wall partly damaged, outer memb remains is called

A

Spheroplast

35
Q

Spheroplasts become vulnerable to _ that penetrate outer membrane

A

B-lactam antibiotics

36
Q

Thin bilayered struc beneath cell wall
Encloses cytoplasm

*Location of transport enzymes
Biosynthetic enzymes
Brkdwn of nut and energy prod - phosphorylation

A

Cell membrane

37
Q

Movt from high to low with out energy

A

Passive process

38
Q

Move against conc gradient with use of energy

A

Active process

39
Q

Is a gelatinous and semi transparemt mass consisting of proteins lipid cho inorg ions salt dissolved in water

A

Cytoplasm

40
Q

Do not possess cytoskeleton

A

Prokaryotic cytoplasm

41
Q

Where bacterial chromosome are located

A

Nucleoid

42
Q

Capable of replicating independently
Can be gained or lost w/o effects on cell
Carry genes for resistance to antibiotics

A

Plasmids

43
Q

Gives structural appearance

Sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

44
Q

Ribosomes grouped in chains

A

Polysomes

45
Q

Subunits of ribosomes

A

Larger 50S
Smaller 30S
= 70S

46
Q

Rrna in
50s
30s

A

2

1

47
Q

Eukaryotic ribosomes:
Attached to-
Size-
Subunits-

A

Rer
80S
60s & 40s

48
Q

Serve as storage areas for nutrients and reserve deposits

A

Inclusions

49
Q

Large inclusions - reserve of inorg phosphates

Aka VOLUTIN and POLAR BODIES

A

Metachromatic granules

50
Q

Occur in polyhedral and hexagonal with carboxylase

Found in bacteria that use co2 as only source of carbon

A

Carboxysomes

51
Q

Found in marine bacteria

Keep buoyancy of the bacteria

A

Gas vacuoles

52
Q

Inclusions of iron oxide

Protection against hydrogen peroxide accumulation

A

Magnetosomes

53
Q

Membrane bound organelles lacking in prokaryotes

A

Er
Golgi complex
Mitochondria

54
Q

Gummy structure that surrounds microbial cells
Composed of polysacc and polypeptide
Prevents drying of cell
Inhibits outward movt of nutrients

A

Glycocalyx

55
Q

Is an organized chemical composition
Firmly attached to cell wall
Act as PHAGOCYTIC FACTOR to resist LEUKOCYTES from destroying bacteria

A

Capsule

56
Q

Less organized chemical comp

Loosely attached to cell wall

A

Slime layer

57
Q

Made up of sticky polysaccharide that facilitate attachment to prosthetic surfaces

A

Extracellular polysaccharide

58
Q

Bacteria implicated in caries

A

Streptococcus mutans

59
Q

Function of glycocalyx

A

Cell surface integrity
Cell recognition
attachment

60
Q

Glycocalyx of eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ in

A

Anchorage to the cell

61
Q

Eukaryotic glycocalyx bonded to proteins and lipids forms

A

Glycolipids

Glycoproteins

62
Q

Single flagellum

A

Monotrichous

63
Q

Flagella around the cell

A

Peritrichous

64
Q

More Flagella at one or both ends

A

Lophotrichous

65
Q

Tufts of flagella at both ends

A

Amphitrichous

66
Q

Flagellum like structure of Spirochetes

Produces corkscrew like movt

A

Axial filament

67
Q

Bacterium moves in one direction

A

Run

68
Q

Movt:
Reversal of flagellar rotation
Occurs as bacterium changes direction

A

Tumble

69
Q

Swift wave like movt across solid culture media

A

Swarm

70
Q

Bacterial flagella consist of a protein subunit called

A

Flagellin

71
Q

Eukaryotic flagella contains

A

Cytoplasm

72
Q

Short thin and straight hair like projections used for attachmenteither on surface or bacteria

A

Pili and fimbriae

73
Q

Pili are made up of protein subunits that are arranged in coiled manner around a central core

A

Pilin

74
Q

Pili attach a bacterium to another bacterium

A

Conjugation

75
Q

Allow bacteria to cling to surfaces

Form clusters

A

Fimbriae

76
Q

Capacity to form ENDOSPORE is Unique to gram positive rods like

A

Bacillus and Clostridia

77
Q

When envtal changes do not favor vegetative growth..

Bacteria > unyielding to drying heating….

A

Sporolation or sporogenesis

78
Q

Positions of endospore

A

Central
Terminal
Subterminal

79
Q

Endospore returns to vegetative state bec restored conditions

A

Germination

80
Q

Endospores can be killed by

A

Sterilization methods

Dry heat, steam pressure

MICROBIO (3 decks)

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