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Biology 1 > Unit 4-Mitosis and Miosis > Flashcards

Unit 4-Mitosis and Miosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the monomers of DNA?

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

What components make up Nucleotides?

A

Nitrogen Base, Phosphate group, Sugar

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3
Q

When dose DNA replication Occur?

A

S phase, Synthesis

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4
Q

What are the stages of interphase?

A

G1, S, G2,
growth 1, synthesis, growth 2,

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5
Q

What happens in G1 stage of the cell cycle?

A

Cell growth

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6
Q

What happens in S stage of the cell cycle?

A

The DNA replicates

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7
Q

What happens in the G2 stage of the cell cycle?

A

More organelles are made

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8
Q

Is mitosis sexual or asexual reproduction?

A

asexual

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9
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)

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10
Q

Mitosis produces ___ daughter cells which are genetically __________ to the parent cell.

A

2, identical

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11
Q

Meiosis produces ___ daughter cells which are genetically ____________ to the parent cell.

A

4, different

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12
Q

Diploid

A

Cells that contain 2 complete sets of genes(body cells).

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13
Q

Haploid

A

Cells that only contain one set of genes (sex cells)

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14
Q

Dose mitosis produce diploid or haploid cells?

A

diploid cells

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15
Q

Dose meiosis produce diploid or haploid cells?

A

haploid cells

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16
Q

What advantage do sexually reproducing organisms have over asexually reproducing organisms?
a. genetic variation
b. genetic stability
c. increased fertilization rate
d. increased reproductive rate

A

a. genetic variation

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17
Q

Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?
a. The cytoplasm separates.
b. The DNA replicates.
c. The sister chromatids separate.
d. The homologous chromosomes cross over.

A

b. the DNA replicates

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18
Q

What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis?
a. two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell
b. two cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell
c. four cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell
d. four cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell

A

a. two cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell

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19
Q

Parent cell

A

the original cell

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20
Q

Daughter Cell

A

A new cell formed by meiosis or mitosis

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21
Q

Gamete

A

sex cell; sperm or egg

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22
Q

Homologues chromosomes

A

Same type, same kind, and same size chromosomes

Two pieces of DNA that carry the same type of gene, one from each parent

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23
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasm splits in two

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24
Q

What form of reproduction gives the most genetic variation?

A

Sexual reproduction, genetic material from each parent

25
Q

What form of reproduction gives the least genetic variation?

A

Asexual reproduction, exact copy of parent

26
Q

Binary Fission

A

Organism replicates DNA and divides in 2, producing 2 identical daughter cells. (Asexual)

27
Q

Spore formation

A

Organism breaks into many pieces or spores, and each develops into identical copy of the parent organism (Asexual)

28
Q

Regeneration

A

Organism can grow back tissue or body (Aexual)

29
Q

Regeneration

A

Organism can grow back tissue or body (Asexual)

30
Q

Budding

A

New organism splits off from parent and develops into adult.

31
Q

Vegetative Propagation

A

Asexual reproduction in plants, runner, bulbs, grafting, cuttings, tubers,

32
Q

Dose mitosis include cytokinesis?

A

No, that happens after mitosis

33
Q

Chromatid

A

Half of a duplicated chromosome (when together they form sister chromatids )

34
Q

Centromere

A

the point on a diploid set of chromosomes where spindle fibers attach to pull the sister chromatids apart. (Located at the center)

35
Q

Cell plate

A

What forms between two sides of a plant cell during mitosis before the cell wall develops.

36
Q

Crossing over

A

When chromosomes trade sections of DNA before meiosis, happens in prophase I

37
Q

When dose independent assortment take place?

A

Metaphase I

38
Q

Random assortment of chromosomes

A

The chromosomes split in a random way

39
Q

Gene mutation

A

Different DNA leads to different traits

40
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Error in chromosomes splitting during meiosis leading to too few or too many chromosomes.

41
Q

fertilization

A

A random sperm and egg come together

42
Q

What is a diagram displaying a persons chromosomes called?

A

Karyotype

43
Q

What disorders comes from having an extra 21st chromosme?

A

Down syndrome

44
Q

What is uncontrolled cell division?

A

Cancer

45
Q

What are three disorders that are transmitted through non-disjunction?

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome, turner syndrome, down syndrome

46
Q

How many total chromosomes dose a human have?

A

46

47
Q

What process produces many variations in phenotypes?
a. independent assortment
b. asexual reproduction
c. regeneration
d. cloning

A

a. independent assortment

48
Q

A cell has two pairs of homologues chromosomes-
T,t,S,s

Due to independent assortment, what
is the possible genetic make-up of
gametes produced by this organism?
a. SsTt
b. Ss, Tt
c. S, s, T, t
d. ST, St, sT, st

A

d. ST, St, sT, st

49
Q

A cloned plant has a diploid chromosome number of 12. What is
the diploid chromosome number of the plant cell that was used to produce the cloned plant?
a. 6
b. 12
c. 18
d. 24

A

12

50
Q

Which process is an example of asexual reproduction?
a. an amoeba divides in half to form two amoebas
b. a bee transfers pollen from one flower to another
c. female fish deposits eggs on a rock, then a male fish release
sperm on them
d. Earthworms exchange sperm

A

a. an amoeba divides in half to form two amoebas

51
Q

Which genetic abnormality can be identified through karyotyping?
a. point mutation
b. recessive allele
c. extra chromosome
d. sex-linked allele

A

c. extra chromosome

52
Q

Histome Proteins

A

The proteins that DNA wraps around to form its shape and structure

53
Q

Chromatin

A

Unwound DNA

54
Q

2 Main parts of the cell cycle

A

Interphase (G1,S,G2), Cell division (Mitosis)

55
Q

How is Prophase I in meiosis different from prophase in Mitosis?

A

In Prophase I the homologues chromosomes line up in a tetrad

56
Q

What genetic disorder dose someone have if they are missing or have a partial X chromosome?

A

Turner syndrome, they are developmentally female

57
Q

What genetic disorder dose someone have if they have 2 X chromosomes and a Y chromosome?

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

58
Q

Haploid and diploid cells are represented by what numbers?

A

Haploid- n
Diploid- 2n
(n is the amount of genetic material in a haploid cell so a diploid cell is twice that)

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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