Unit 5 Biology Vocabulary

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

division of a somatic cell that results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

the process in which the number of chromosomes in the original cell is reduced by HALF through the separation
of homologous chromosomes.

Question 3

Cell Cycle

Answer 3

Cell cycle has different stages called G1, S, G2, and M.

Question 4

Interphase

Answer 4

the phase of the cell cycle in which a cell copies its DNA to prepare for mitosis.

Question 5

Prophase

Answer 5

DNA condenses into chromosomes and nuclear envelop dissolves.

Question 6

Metaphase

Answer 6

Spindle fibers connect to centromere of chromosomes and line them up in the center of the cell

Question 6

Anaphase

Answer 6

spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 7

telophase

Answer 7

new nuclear envelopes form around the DNA

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

Animal cells begin to pinch into 2 new cells while plant cell grow a cell plate between the two new nuclei.

Question 9

cell plate

Answer 9

a plate that is grown between 2 nuclei

Question 10

cleavage furrow

Answer 10

pinching of cytoplasm

Question 11

spindle fiber

Answer 11

make sure that chromosomes are safely divided up to opposite poles ot the cell

Question 12

chromosome

Answer 12

DNA/ they contain genetic intormation

Question 13

sister chromatid

Answer 13

caused by spindle fibers pulling them apart making…

Question 14

centromere

Answer 14

considered to be the center of the cell

Question 15

centriole

Answer 15

develops spindle fibers

Question 16

asexual reproduction

Answer 16

involves 1 parent, use by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, results in identical copies (clones), no mixing of DNA

Question 17

sexual reproduction

Answer 17

involves 2 parents to reproduce whilst both continue the genetic information

Question 18

haploid (n)

Answer 18

(N means 1 set) half the number of chromosomes as somatic (body) cells

Question 19

diploid (2n)

Answer 19

(2N means 2 sets) total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell

Question 20

budding

Answer 20

a small outgrowth grows on the side of the parent, and eventually breaks off as a new, smaller but identical organism (EX: yeast & hydra)

Question 21

vegetative propagation

Answer 21

new plants grow from clippings of the leaves, stems, or roots of existing plants…used in agriculture to skip the seedling stage be it allows plants to mature faster

Question 22

regeneration

Answer 22

low level animals can regrow limbs and tails once they have lost them

Question 23

spores

Answer 23

reproductive structure that is released into the air by a sporangium, when it lands in a favorable environment, it grows & divides through the cell aycle/EX: moulds)

Question 24

grafting

Answer 24

aka artificial vegetative propagation…a bud, stem or root section from one plant is joined to another to produce desire traits (EX: disease resistance in apples, pears, etc…)

Question 25

variation

Answer 25

caused by crossing over the cells