Unit 5 - Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance - Episode 2

Question 1

Two characteristics

used seed and color

Answer 1

Dihybrid Cross

Question 2

states that alleles at different loci separate independently of one another

The inheritance of one does not influence the inheritance of the other

Answer 2

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 3

Mendel identified his second law of inheritance by following two characters at the same time, such as

Answer 3

seed color and seed shape

Question 4

more likely hindi magkasama ang dominant alleles (kahit ano pwedeng samahan)

Answer 4

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 5

tells us that the alleles at each locus separate independently; thus, both kinds of separation occur equally and all four type of gametes (RY, ry, Ry, and rY) are produced in equal proportions

Answer 5

The principle of independent assortment

Question 6

A tool for analyzing crosses

We use this test when we determine the genotype of unknown organism

Answer 6

Test Cross

Question 7

BREAK SONGS:

Answer 7

Sweater Weather by the neighbourhood, Japanese Denim by Daniel Caesar, and 505 by Arctic Monkeys.

Question 8

A hypothesis is developed based on the observations and is presented as a ______________, which states that there is no real difference between the observed data and the predicted data.

Answer 8

null hypothesis

Question 9

used to determine whether the difference is due to chance.

Answer 9

Statistical analysis

Question 10

A simple statistical analysis is used to test null hypothesis is called the

Answer 10

chi-square test

Question 11

chi-square test is a type of

Answer 11

goodness-of-fit-test

Question 12

wants to determine what’s the cause why the expected value is different from the observed value.

Answer 12

chi-square test

Question 13

value presented in the punnett square

Answer 13

Expected Value

Question 14

actual value (mismong nangyari)

Answer 14

Observed value

Question 15

TAKE NOTE: (CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Answer 15

The chi-square test cannot tell us whether a genetic cross has been correctly carried out, whether the results are correct, or whether we have chosen the correct genetic explanation for the results.

“What it does indicate is the probability that the difference between the observed and the expected values is due to chance.”

In other words, it indicates the likelihood that chance alone could produce the deviation between the expected and the observed values.

Question 16

There is no significant difference between the observed value and the expected value.

Answer 16

Null Hypothesis

Question 17

Chi-square formula

Answer 17

X2 = ∑(𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒅−𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅)^2/𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅

Question 18

When the probability is less than 0.05, scientists assume that

Answer 18

chance is not responsible and a significant difference exists

Question 19

The _________________means that some factor other than chance is responsible for the observed values being different from the expected values.

Answer 19

expression significant difference

Question 20

Yung patterns na sinabi ditto is hindi tugma kay mendel

Outside the gene influence

Answer 20

Non-mendelian Inheritance

Question 21

Causes why mendelian inheritance is not followed

Answer 21

A. Presence of other protein encoding genes.
B. Influence of other DNA sequences
C. RNA sequences
D. Epigenetic alterations of DNA
E. Environmental influences

Question 22

It causes death before the individual can reproduce, which prevents passage of genes to the next generation

Therefore, there is a removal expected progeny class following specific crossing

Answer 22

Lethal Alleles Combinations

Question 23

A genotype (allele combination) that causes death is, by definition, lethal.

Answer 23

Lethal Alleles Combinations

Question 24

Pag may ___________ ka, mamatay yung alleles na yun or mawawala yung gene na yun sa next generation

Answer 24

lethal alleles

Question 25

2 copies of that allele ang namana. In short,
homozygous

Answer 25

Recessive lethal allele

Question 26

Recessive lethal allele homozygous can be

Answer 26

homozygous recessive or homozygous dominant

Question 27

Ang homozygous dominant allele ay tinatawag natin na

Answer 27

recessive lethal allele

Question 28

kapag one copy of that allele ang namana. Heterozygous.

Answer 28

Dominant lethal allele

Question 29

A double dose of a dominant allele may be lethal, as is the case for ______________, inheriting one dominant allele confers the coveted hairlessness trait, but inheriting two dominant alleles is lethal to the unlucky embryo.

Answer 29

Mexican hairless dogs

Question 30

(canine ectodermal dysplasia) - There is missing abnormal teeth.

Answer 30

Fox 13 gene

Question 31

Fox 13 gene

Answer 31

Canine ectodermal dysplasia

Question 32

He crossed yellow mouse with brown mouse

Nakita nya na ang Yellow ay dominant. Yellow is heterozygous

Then, he crossed two heterozygous yellow mouse. (Yy x Yy)

Answer 32

Lucien Cuenot (1905)

Question 33

alleles are lethal when their __________ not when their _________

Answer 33

homozygous; heterozygous

Question 34

a very distinct phenotype of a long trunk, very short limbs, and a large head with a filial face.

Answer 34

Achondroplastic dwarfism

Question 35

Possible na mamatay agad since isang copy
lang ang kailangan para maging lethal to.
Kaya kahit nasa embryo pa lang it may lead
to death na agad

Answer 35

Dominant Lethal Allele

Question 36

May chance din na masurvive,

ex. Huntington’s disease. Nabigyan chance na magsurvive pero very fatal ito.

Answer 36

Dominant Lethal Allele

Question 37

Different allele combinations can produce variations in the phenotype. The more alleles, the more variation of the phenotype are possible

Answer 37

Multiple Alleles