Unit 5: DNA Replication

Question 1

What is a Nucleic Acid?

Answer 1

marcomolecules that contain genetic information which included DNA and RNA

Question 2

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 2

monomers that make up nucleic acids (DNA)

Question 3

What is the name for DNA?

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

What consists of a nucleotide? (DNA Structure)

Answer 4

Phosphate group, Sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogenous base

Question 5

What is considered the “backbone” of DNA?

Answer 5

Phosphate group and Sugar base

Question 6

What nitrogenous bases have two rings?

the type! not actual bases

Answer 6

Purines

Question 7

What nitrogenous bases have a single ring?

the type, not the actual base!!

Answer 7

Pyrimidines

Question 8

What bases are purines?

Answer 8

Adenine and Guanine

Question 9

What bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 9

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 10

What matches with Adenine? How many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 10

Thymine and two

Question 11

What matches with Cytosine? How many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 11

Guanine and three

Question 12

Which macromolecule is DNA?

Answer 12

nucleic acid

Question 13

How many rings do the purine nitrogenous bases have?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

How many rings do the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases have?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

What type of bonding occurs between complementary bases in a DNA molecule?

Answer 15

hydrogen bond

Question 16

what type of bonding occurs between sugar and phosphate groups?

Answer 16

covalent bond

Question 17

When and where does replication occur?

Answer 17

during interphase, in the nucleus of a cell

Question 18

Why does replication occur?

Answer 18

If a cell is going to split it will need two copies of DNA to send to each new cell

Question 19

What does semiconservative replication mean?

Answer 19

DNA strands separate, serve as templates and produce with one old strand (parent) and one new strand of DNA.

Question 20

What is the “direction” of the molecule?

Answer 20

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 21

What is the normal “direction” of ribose sugar?

Answer 21

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 22

Do the two strands run in opposite directions?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

What is the Helicase, what does it do?

Answer 23

a enzyme, Breaks/Unzips hydrogen bonds and separates strands of DNA, proteins attached to keep them separated.

Question 24

What is the DNA polymerase, what does it do?

Answer 24

Starts adding nucleotides to each unzipped strand (base pairing rules followed).

Question 25

What can a DNA polymerase only do? Which direction?

Answer 25

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 26

What is a “leading strand”?

Answer 26

adds continuous b/c poly can follow it easily. 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 27

What is a “lagging strand”?

Answer 27

goes 3’ to 5’ direction, so they have to add lots of primers to continue building b/c helicase keeps opening up

Question 28

What does a lagging strand cause?

Answer 28

Okazaki Fragments

Question 29

What are Okazaki Fragments?

Answer 29

discontnious base pairing

Question 30

What is the primase, what does it do?

Answer 30

lays out primers (flags basically) on the DNA strand which tell the DNA polymerase where to start (signal).

Question 31

What is the ligase, what does it do?

Answer 31

The “gluer”, hooks Okazaki Fragments together, hooks two strands together as well.

Question 32

What are the rungs of the ladder called?

Answer 32

nitrogenous bases (base pairing)