Unit 5 (fallacies)

Question 1

claim

Answer 1

point for which one provides reasons or evidence; thesis statement

Question 2

grounds

Answer 2

data and examples that support your claim

Question 3

warrant

Answer 3

the connection/ mental leap from the grounds to the claim

Question 4

rebuttal

Answer 4

where and how an argument may lead to a wrong conclusion

Question 5

fallacy

Answer 5

an improperly applied persuasion technique

Question 6

definition

Answer 6

how I or others define x

Question 7

comparison

Answer 7

what x is similar to and why

Question 8

relationship

Answer 8

cause and effect; “what causes x” “what are the effects of x”

Question 9

testimony

Answer 9

what others have said about x

Question 10

equivocation

Answer 10

using a word to mean one thing when it can or does mean multiple things

Question 11

ambiguity

Answer 11

unclear definition of a word or phrase

Question 12

false analogy

Answer 12

creating an analogy that fails because the examples are too dissimilar

Question 13

distinction without a difference

Answer 13

claiming there is a difference between two examples when none exists

Question 14

snob appeal

Answer 14

appealing to a sense if elitism or “discriminating taste”

Question 15

appeal to moderation

Answer 15

assuming that the correct answer is always “ middle ground”

Question 16

false cause

Answer 16

using weak causal connection as the basis of an argument

Question 17

false cause

Answer 17

using weak causal connection as the basis of an argument

Question 18

slippery slope

Answer 18

assuming one step in a given direction will lead much further down a given path of reasoning without legitimate reasoning

Question 19

affirming the consequent

Answer 19

affirming the consequent without considering or allowing for other factors

Question 20

denying the antecedent

Answer 20

denying the antecedent without considering or allowing for other factors

Question 21

accent

Answer 21

when a word or part of a quote is inappropriately emphasized or taken out of context

Question 22

bandwagon

Answer 22

when you argue that something should be done/ is right because a vast majority believes in it or is doing it

Question 23

hasty generalization

Answer 23

generalizing about a class of things based on too few examples

Question 24

illegitimate authority

Answer 24

appealing to illogical or unqualified authority as basis for an argument

Question 25

ad hominem

Answer 25

insulting your opponent in an argument rather than disproving their argument

Question 26

appeal to pity

Answer 26

convincing an audience your argument is valid by making them feel sorry for you or others

Question 27

straw man

Answer 27

distorting an opponent’s argument to a ridiculous thing to make it easier to defeat or deny

Question 28

cliched thinking

Answer 28

applying a general rule or thought as a formula applicable in all situations

Question 29

appeal to fear

Answer 29

distracting the audience by making them afraid of the consequences of disagreeing with the argument

Question 30

inductive

Answer 30

reasoning process that starts with observation and evidence that leads to a conclusion that is probably true

Question 31

deductive

Answer 31

reasoning process that starts with premises that, if they are true, lead to a conclusion that must be true