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Mo PT Assessment > Unit 5 Spine and LE > Flashcards

Unit 5 Spine and LE Flashcards

1
Q

all vertebrae have what 8 things (with the exception of the atlas)

A

body, lamina, pedicles, transverse process, spinous process, canal, foramina, facets

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2
Q

the atlas does not have what 2 structures

A

spinous or transverse process

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3
Q

the dens is only on the

A

axis

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4
Q

the bodies of vertebrae start ____ at C spine and ____ as you descend down spine

A

start small at top and get bigger as you go down

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5
Q

what’s different about the spinal canal in regards to bodies of the vertebrea

A

the spinal canal is the opposite of the vertebrae, the spinal canal starts big and gets smaller as you descend

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6
Q

first joint in the spine

A

AO joint

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7
Q

the AO joint type

A

condyloid

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8
Q

AO joint has ___ dof

A

2

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9
Q

motions at AO joint

A

head nod (flex and extend) and side bend

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10
Q

AA joint is what type

A

pivot

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11
Q

AA joint does what motion only

A

rotation

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12
Q

why is AA joint motion only one motion

A

bc dens prevents flexion/ext

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13
Q

IV joint type

A

cart

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14
Q

each vert has ___ facets

A

4

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15
Q

facet joint type

A

synovial gliding

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16
Q

In C vertebrae, the facets do ___ and are in what plane

A

rotation and are in hor plane

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17
Q

In T vertebrae, the facets do ____ and are in what plane

A

do side bend and are in frontal plane

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18
Q

In L vert, the facets do ___ and are in what plane

A

do flexion/extension and are in sagittal plane

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19
Q

What role facets play in movement

A

the alignment of facets essentially guide the type of mvmt

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20
Q

The SI joint is what type

A

synovial gliding

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21
Q

What causes whiplash

A 
An injury that occurs at the AA joint 
This joint (that is supposed to be rotation only) is flexed/extended which can damage the medulla
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22
Q

T or F, there is rotation at the lumbar spine

A

F - there is NO rotation at LUMBAR spine

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23
Q

How many vertebrae at each spinal section

A 
C-7
T-12
L-5
S-5
C-1
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24
Q

50% of all head motion happens at what joint

A

AA

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25
Q

5 muscles located in the front-cervical area

A

R L L A S

Rectus capitus ant, longis capitus, longus coli, anterior scalenes, SCM

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26
Q

main motion of rectus capitus ant

A

does nodding of head at AA joint (cervical flexion)

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27
Q

main job of longus capitus and longus coli

A

main job is to stabilize cervical area (but also flexes)

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28
Q

AXNs of ant scalenes

A 
Fl neck(both sides together)
side bend (to same side)
some rotation (to the same side)
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29
Q

axns of SCM

A

flexion
ipsilateral flexion to side
contralateral rotation

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30
Q

the 2 muscles that make up the side- cervical area

A

middle and post scalene

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31
Q

muscles that make up the back -cervical area

A 
Rectus capitis post (maj/min)
Obliques capitis (sup/inf)
Interspinals
Intertransversals
Transverses spinal group
    Semispinalous
    Multifidus
    Short rotators  
Erector spinae
    Spinalis
    Longisimus
    Illiocostalis
Splenius capitis 
Splenius cervicis

R O I I T E S S

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32
Q

TRANSVERSE SPINAL GROUP MUSCLES

A

SEMISPINALIS, MULTIFIDUS, ROTATORES

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33
Q

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP

A

S, L, I (SPINALIS, LONGISMUS, ILIOCOSTALIS)

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34
Q

AXNS OF RECTUS CAP POST

A

ext of AO

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35
Q

axns of obliques capitis

A

ext of AO

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36
Q

axns of interspinals

A

neck ext

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37
Q

axns of cervical intertransversals

A

ipsilateral flexion

if both sides contract, just stabilization

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38
Q

axns of cervical transverse spinals

A

All do contralateral rotation (main axn)

When both sides contract together = extension

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39
Q

axns of spinalis (most medial)

A

extension only

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40
Q

axn of longismus and iliocostalis

A

ipsilateral flexion
ipsilateral rotation
both sides extension together

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41
Q

axns of splenius capitus

A

ipsilateral flexion
ipsilateral rotation -
both sided extension

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42
Q

axns of splenius cervicis

A

ipsil flexion
ipsil rotation
(both sides ext only)

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43
Q

muscles located lumbar-front

A

rectus abd
external obliques
internal obliques

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44
Q

axn of rectus abd

A

trunk flexion

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45
Q

axn of external obliques

A

both sides flex trunk
ipsilateral side bend
contralateral rotation

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46
Q

axn internal obliques

A

both sides flex trunk
ipsilateral flexion
ipsilateral rotation

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47
Q

Lumbar side muscles

A

transverse abdominus

quadratus lumborum

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48
Q

axns of transverse abd

A

Ipsilateral rotation
Both sides maintain interabd. Pressure with breathing
Supports visera

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49
Q

axns of QL

A

Elevates pelvis (hip hike)
Ipsilateral flexion
Both sides stabilizes trunk

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50
Q

lumbar posterior muscles

A 
Interspinals
Intertransversals
Transverses spinal group
    Semispinalous
    Multifidus
    Short rotators  
Erector spinae
    Spinalis
    Longisimus
    Illiocostalis
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51
Q

axns of lumbar post muscles

A

all motions are same as cervical except they are in the lumbar region

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52
Q

intercostals are ___ muscles

A

thoracic - aid in breathing

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53
Q

N supply rectus cap ant

A

C1, C2

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54
Q

N supply longus cap

A

C1, C2, C3

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55
Q

N supply longus coli

A

C2-C6

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56
Q

N supply ant scalenes

A

C5, C6

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57
Q

N to SCM

A

spinal acc N XI

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58
Q

N to Rectus capitis post (maj/min) and Obliques capitis

A

suboccipital N

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59
Q

Nerve supply to all below: (cervical)

Interspinals
Intertransversals
Transverses spinal group
    Semispinalous
    Multifidus
    Short rotators  
Erector spinae
    Spinalis
    Longisimus
   Illiocostalis
Splenius capitis 
Splenius cervicis
A

Dorsal primary rami (I I T E S S)

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60
Q

N supply to
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique

A

T7-T12

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61
Q

N supply to transverse abdominus

A

T7-T12

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62
Q

N supply to QL

A

T12, L1,2,3,4

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63
Q 
N supply to all post lumbar muscles
Interspinals
Intertransversals
Transverses spinal group
    Semispinalous
    Multifidus
    Short rotators  
Erector spinae
    Spinalis
    Longisimus
    Illiocostalis
A

dorsal primary rami

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64
Q

ROM cervical flexion

A

0-45/60

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65
Q

ROM cervical ext

A

0-60/80

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66
Q

ROM cerv rotation

A

0-50/70

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67
Q

ROM cervical lateral flexion

A

0-25/50

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68
Q

ROM lumbar flexion

A

0-30-45

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69
Q

ROM lumbar ext

A

0-30/45

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70
Q

ROM lumbar lateral flexion

A

0-30/45

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71
Q

iliopsoas actions (separate iliacus from psoas)

A

iliacus does hip flexion only

psoas major does hip flexion and lumbar flexion

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72
Q

nerve to iliacus

A

femoral

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73
Q

nerve to psoas major

A

L2 L3 and L4

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74
Q

list the 4 front hip muscles

A

iliopsoas, sartourious, rectus femoris, TFL

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75
Q

N to sartourious

A

femoral

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76
Q

actions of sartourious

A

hip and knee flexion, abduction, lateral rotation

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77
Q

actions of RF

A

hip flexion, knee ext

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78
Q

nerve to RF

A

femoral

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79
Q

TFL nerve

A

superior gluteal N

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80
Q

TFL axns

A

FBI (flexion, abduction, IR) hip

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81
Q

glut min and med nerve

A

superior gluteal n

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82
Q

axns glut min and med

A

abd, IR hip

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83
Q

List the adductors

A

pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, adductor magnus

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84
Q

nerve to adductors

A

pectineus is femoral
gracilis, add brevis, and longus are obturator n
adductor magnus is obturator AND sciatic N

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85
Q

what is unique about adductor magnus (axns)

A

bc it has fibers ant and post to the femur, it does BOTH hip flexion and ext (in addition to adduction)

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86
Q

powerful motions require what muscle for hip ext

A

glut max

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87
Q

glut max axns

A

hip ext and ER

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88
Q

submaximal activity (hip ext) uses what muscles

A

hamstrings

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89
Q

N to glut max

A

inf gluteal N

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90
Q

axns of hamstrings

A

hip ext and knee flexion

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91
Q

N to hamstrings

A

sciatic N

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92
Q

all PGOGOQ do what axn

A

lateral hip rotation

93
Q

N to piriformis

A

S1 S2

94
Q

N to gemellus sup

A

L5, S1 S2

95
Q

N to obturator internus

A

L5, S1 S2

96
Q

N to gemellus inf

A

L4 L5 S1

97
Q

N to obturator externus

A

L4 L5

98
Q

N to quadratus femoris

A

same as Gem Inf (L4 L5 S1)

99
Q

N to pectineus

A

femoral

100
Q

N to gracilis,

A

obturator

101
Q

N to adductor magnus is

A

obturator and sciatic

102
Q

N to add brevis, and longus

A

obturator

103
Q

ROM hip flexion

A

0-120

104
Q

ROM hip ext

A

0-20

105
Q

ROM hip abd

A

0-45

106
Q

ROM hip add

A

0-30

107
Q

ROM hip ER

A

0-45

108
Q

ROM hip IR

A

0-30

109
Q

N to pectineus

A

femoral

110
Q

N to adductor longus

A

obturator

111
Q

N to adductor magnus

A

obturator and sciatic

112
Q

N to adductor brevis

A

obturator

113
Q

N to gracilis

A

G AB AL obturator

114
Q

End feels for hip flexion

A

soft or firm

115
Q

hip flexion end feel is soft if knee is ____

A

flexed

116
Q

hip flexion end feel is firm if knee is ___

A

extended

117
Q

all other end feels for hip are

A

firm (except add can also be soft)

118
Q

knee flexion ROM

A

0-145

119
Q

knee ext ROM

A

145-0

120
Q

knee flexion end feel

A

soft or firm

121
Q

knee ext end feel

A

hard or firm

122
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion ROM

A

0-20

123
Q

ankle plantarflexion ROM

A

0-50

124
Q

Inversion ROM

A

0-30

125
Q

Eversion ROM

A

0-20

126
Q

type of joint of tib fib joint

A

ligament

127
Q

the only quad that also does hip flexion

A

RF

128
Q

axns of the hamstrings

A

Biceps Femoris- knee flexion and lat rotation

Semis- knee flexion and medial rotation

129
Q

N to gastroc, soleus, popliteus

A

tibial

130
Q

N to hamstrings

A

sciatic

131
Q

the “key” of the knee

A

popliteus (unlocks the knee)

132
Q

other axn of popliteus

A

IR

133
Q

axns of gastroc

A

plantar flexion, knee flexion

134
Q

knee joint is what type

A

modified hinge

135
Q

type of joint for talocrural joint

A

hinge (only does dorsi/plantar)

136
Q

inversion/eversion happens at what joint

A

subtalar (talocalcaneal)

137
Q

abd/add of foot happens at what joints (many names)

A

Talonavicular and Calcaneal cuboidal- aka midtarsal joint aka chopart joint

138
Q

supination of foot consists of what motions

A

add, plant, inv.

139
Q

supination and pronation happen at what joints

A

all 3 foot joints

140
Q

MTP joint of foot is ____joint type

A

condyloid

141
Q

IP joint type

A

hinge

142
Q

all anterior muscles in the calf are what nerve

A

deep peroneal N

143
Q

all lateral muscles in calf are what nerve

A

superficial peroneal

144
Q

all post calf muscles are what nerve

A

tibial

145
Q

flexor dig brevis N

A

medial plantar

146
Q

abd hall brevis N

A

medial plantar

147
Q

abd dig minimi N

A

lateral plantar

148
Q

N to lumbricals

A

all lateral (except 1st is medial)

149
Q

QP N

A

lateral plantar

150
Q

FHB nerve

A

medial plantar

151
Q

add hall N

A

lateral plantar

152
Q

FDM N

A

lateral plantar

153
Q

all top of foot Nerve

A

deep peroneal

154
Q

nerve to interossei

A

lateral plantar

155
Q

axns tibialis anterior

A

dorsi and inversion

156
Q

axns of any brevis muscle only occurs at the

A

MTP joint

157
Q

axns of longus muscles occur at what joints

A

MTP AND IP

158
Q

axns ext hall longus

A

extends MTP, IP, dorsiflex

159
Q

FDL, FHL also aid in

A

plantar flexion

160
Q

axns of gastroc

A

plantar and knee flexion

161
Q

soleus soley ___

A

plantar flexes

162
Q

tibialis post axns

A

plantar and inversion

163
Q

eversion happens dt what muscles

A

peroneals

164
Q

ONLY muscles with ____ in their name act on the IP joints

A

longus

165
Q

three muscles that dorsiflex

A

TA, EHL, EDL

166
Q

5 muscles that plantarflex

A

gastroc, soleus, FHL, FDL, tibialis post

167
Q

axn of lumbricals and QP

A

flex

168
Q

axns of interossei

A

abd/add

169
Q

end feel hip ext

A

always firm

170
Q

AO joint type

A

condyloid

171
Q

when testing straight cervical flexion mmt, you are testing what 2 muscles

A

scalenes and scm

172
Q

when testing cervical ext, mmt, you are testing what muscles

A

semispinalis, splenius capitus

173
Q

single sided neck flexion tests the

A

scm

174
Q

lateral flexion of cervical region uses what muscles

A

upper traps - test like old way

175
Q

lumbar region markers

A

T12, S1

176
Q

only measurement of lumbar that isn’t T12, S1

A

ONLY rotation for inclinometer is T1 and T12

177
Q

ONLY _______ is different for lumbar spine ROM measuring

A

inclinometer rotation

178
Q

what is 3+ for mmt of rectus abd

A

if they have hands at sides and can clear the sit up

179
Q

What muscles are being tested in lumbar ext rom

A

ilieocostalis and longisimus

180
Q

ONLY one to apply resistance for MMT for lumbar

A

QL - the hip hike one

181
Q

ROM Hip flexion

A

0-120

182
Q

ROM for all hip motions

A 
120 flex
20 ext
45 abd
30 add
45 ER
30 IR
183
Q

Where to palpate for hip flexion MMT

A

none, too deep

184
Q

what muscles are you testing when you mmt CERVICAL ext

A

semispinalis or splenius capitus

185
Q

what muscles are you testing when you mmt LUMBAR ext

A

longisimuss and ileocostalis

186
Q

ROM hip flexion

A

0-120

187
Q

ROM hip ext

A

0-20

188
Q

which part of the iliopsoas muscle has innervation at L2, L3, L4

A

psoas

189
Q

N to TFL

A

superior gluteal N

190
Q

obturator N muscles

A

G, AB, AL

191
Q

adductor magnus N

A

sciatic and obturator

192
Q

list all adductors

A

G, AB, AL, Pec

193
Q

3 muscles he says IR hip

A

TFL, glut min, glut med

194
Q

end feels for knee ext

A

soft or firm

195
Q

ROM knee flexion

A

0-145

196
Q

knee flexion with IR of tibia tests what

A

semis (tendinosis and membranosis)

197
Q

ROM ankle plantar flexion

A

50

198
Q

ROM ankle inversion

A

30

199
Q

ROM ankle eversion

A

20

200
Q

ROM ankle dorsi

A

20

201
Q

Supination involves what motions

A

plantar flexion, inversion, adduction

202
Q

pronation involves what motions

A

dorsi, eversion, abduction

203
Q

What muscles do inversion

A

only the tibialis muscles do inversion (ant and post)

204
Q

Innervation rule for foot

A

If it has the word brevis in it (and is not an extensor) it is medial plantar N

205
Q

1st lumbrical innervation

A

Medial plantar

206
Q

axns of lumbricals and Qp

A

Aid in MTP flexion

207
Q

End feels for ankle motions

A

all are firm except eversion is HARD

208
Q

N to Rect Abd, Obliques, TA

A

T7-T12

209
Q

Lumbar spine extension ROM

A

30-45

210
Q

QL axns

A

hip hike and ipsilateral flexion

211
Q

AO joint type is

A

condyloid

212
Q

Transverse Abd does

A

ipsi rotation

213
Q

axns external oblique

A

ipsi flexion, contra rotation (and both flex)

214
Q

axns internal oblique

A

ipsi flexion, ipsi rotation, both flex

215
Q

Tib femoral joint type

A

modified hinge

216
Q

End feel for MTP of toes

A

all are firm except flexion is soft

217
Q

ROM toe MTP flexion

A

0-30

218
Q

ROM toe MTP extension

A

0-50

219
Q

ROM MTP big toe flexion

A

0-20

220
Q

ROM MTP big toe ext

A

0-70

221
Q

ROM MTP big toe ext

A

0-70

222
Q

psis is level of

A

s2

223
Q

psis is level of

A

s2

224
Q

goni placement for trunk flexion rom

A

axis goes under lowest rib and others point up and down

225
Q

goni placement for trunk flexion rom

A

axis goes under lowest rib and others point up and down

226
Q

goni placement for trunk flexion rom

A

axis goes under lowest rib and others point up and down

227
Q

Where to palpate external obliques

A

external is under the lateral ribs

228
Q

Where to palpate internal obliques

A

internal is above lateral iliac crest

Mo PT Assessment (4 decks)

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