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Biopsych > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Processing from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus to striate and extrastriate cortical regions

A

Visual pathway

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2
Q

The primary visual cortex

A

Striate cortex, primary visual cortex, V1

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3
Q

A region of visual association cortex; receives fibers from the striate cortex and from the superior colliculi and projects to the inferior temporal cortex

A

Extrastriate cortex, visual association cortex, V2

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4
Q

One of the inner two layers of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; transmits information necessary for the perception of form, movement, depth, and small differences in brightness to the primary visual cortex

A

Magnocellular layer

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5
Q

One of the four outer layers of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; transmits information necessary for perception of color and fine details to the primary visual cortex

A

Parvocellular layer

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6
Q

One of the sublayers of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus found ventral to each of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers; transmits information from short-wavelength cones to the primary visual cortex

A

Koniocellular sublayer

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7
Q

A system of interconnected regions of visual cortex involved in the perception of spatial location, beginning with the striate cortex and ending with the posterior parietal cortex

A

Dorsal stream

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8
Q

A system of interconnected regions of visual cortex involved in the perception of form, beginning with the striate cortex and ending with the inferior temporal cortex

A

Ventral stream

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9
Q

Inherited form of defective color vision in which red and green hues are confused, red cones are filled with green cone opsin

A

Protanopia

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10
Q

Inherited form of defective color vision in which red and green hues are confused, green cones are filled with red cone opsin

A

Deuteranopia

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11
Q

Inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused; blue cones are either lacking or faulty

A

Tritanopia

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12
Q

The image seen after a portion of the retina is exposed to an intense visual stimulus; consists of colors complementary to those of the physical stimulus

A

Negative afterimage

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13
Q

Colors that make white or grey when mixed together

A

Complementary colors

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14
Q

Inability to discriminate among different hues; caused by damage to the visual association cortex

A

Central achromatopsia

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15
Q

Failure to recognize particular people by the sight of their faces

A

Prosopagnosia

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16
Q

A region of the visual association cortex located in the inferior temporal lobe; involved in perception of faces and other complex objects that require expertise to recognize

A

Fusiform face area (FFA)

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17
Q

The fact that points on objects located at different distances from the observer will fall on slightly different locations on the two retinas; provides the basis for stereopsis

A

Retinal disparity

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18
Q

The highest level of the dorsal stream of the visual association cortex; involved in perception of movement and spatial location

A

Posterior parietal cortex

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19
Q

The complex motion of points in the visual field caused by the relative movement between the observer and environment; provides information about the relative distance of objects from the observer and of the relative direction of movement

A

Optic flow

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20
Q

Inability to perceive movement, caused by damage to area V5 (MST) of the visual association cortex

A

Akinetopsia

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21
Q

The process in which specialized cells of the NS detect environmental stimuli and transduce their energy into receptor potentials

A

Sensation

22
Q

The conscious experience and interpretation of information from the senses

A

Perception

23
Q

Dominant wavelength or color (low purple high red)

A

Hue

24
Q

Intensity of color

A

Brightness

25
Q

Purity of color

A

Saturation

26
Q

A specialized neuron that detects a particular category of physical events

A

Sensory receptor

27
Q

The process by which sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded receptor potentials

A

Sensory transduction

28
Q

A slow, graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to a physical stimulus

A

Receptor potential

29
Q

The neural tissue and photoreceptive cells located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye

A

Retina

30
Q

Changes in the thickness of the lens of the eye, accomplished by the ciliary muscles, that focus images of near or distant objects on the retina

A

Accommodation

31
Q

One of the receptor cells of the retina; sensitive to light of low intensity

A

Rod

32
Q

One of the receptor cells of the retina; maximally sensitive to one of three different wavelengths of light and hence encodes color vision

A

Cone

33
Q

One of the receptor cells of the retina; transduces photic energy into electrical potentials

A

Photoreceptor

34
Q

The region of the retina that mediates the most acute vision of birds and higher mammals. Color sensitive cones constitute the only type of photoreceptor found here

A

Fovea

35
Q

The location of the exit point from the retina of the fibers of the ganglion cells that form the optic nerve; responsible for the blind spot

A

Optic disk

36
Q

A neuron located in the middle layer of the retina, conveying info from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells

A

Bipolar cell

37
Q

A neuron located in the retina that receives visual info from bipolar cells; its axons give rise to the optic nerve

A

Ganglion cells

38
Q

A neuron in the retina that interconnects adjacent photoreceptors and the outer processes of the bipolar cells

A

Horizontal cell

39
Q

A neuron in the retina that interconnects adjacent ganglion cells and the inner processes of bipolar cells

A

Amacrine cell

40
Q

A protein dye bonded to retinal, a substance derived from vitamin A; responsible for transduction of visual information

A

Photopigment

41
Q

A layer of membrane containing photopigments; found in rods and cones of the retina

A

Lamella

42
Q

A class of protein that, together with retinal, constitutes the photopigments

A

Opsin

43
Q

A chemical synthesized from vitamin A; joins with an opsin to form a photopigment

A

Retinal

44
Q

A particular opsin found in rods

A

Rhodopsin

45
Q

That portion of the visual field in which the presentation of visual stimuli will produce an alteration in the firing rate of a particular neuron

A

Receptive field

46
Q

The cooperative movement of the eyes, which ensures that the image of an object falls on identical portions of both retinas

A

Vergence movement

47
Q

The rapid, jerky movement of the eyes used in scanning a visual scene

A

Saccadic movement

48
Q

The movement that the eyes make maintain an image of a moving object on the fovea

A

Pursuit movement

49
Q

Bundles of axons from retinal ganglion cells exit the eye and convey information to the lateral geniculate nucleus

A

Optic nerve

50
Q

A group of cell bodies within the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus; receives input from the retina and the projects to the primary visual cortex

A

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

51
Q

A cross-shaped connection between the optic nerves, located below the base of the brain, just anterior to the pituitary gland

A

Optic chiasm

Biopsych (11 decks)

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