Unit 6

Question 0

industrialization

Answer 0

economic activities on earth’s surface evolved from producing basic, primary goods to using factories for mass production

Question 1

economic geography

Answer 1

study of the impact of economic activities on the landscape and investigates reasons behind the location of economic activities

Question 2

primary economic activity

Answer 2

directly extracts products from the earth (agriculture, animals, fishing, farming, etc)

Question 3

secondary economic activity

Answer 3

transforms raw material into manufactured goods (refining petroleum into gasoline, metals into tools, etc)

Question 4

tertiary economic activity

Answer 4

involves services rather than goods (construction, trade, finance)

Question 5

quaternary economic activity

Answer 5

service jobs concerned with research and development

Question 6

industrial revolution

Answer 6

England, late 18th century, began industrialization

Question 7

economic development

Answer 7

the process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

Question 8

post-industrial societies

Answer 8

countries where most people are no longer employed in industry

Question 9

more developed countries (MDC)

Answer 9

countries that have experienced industrialization

Question 10

less developed countries (LDC)

Answer 10

countries that may not experience industrialization

Question 11

newly industrializing countries

Answer 11

another category to put countries in

Question 12

compressed modernity

Answer 12

rapid economic and political change that transforms a country into a stable nation

Question 13

Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (GDP per Capita)

Answer 13

a measure of the average person’s contribution to a country’s wealth

Question 14

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 14

the value of the total output of goods and services produce in a year

Question 15

value added

Answer 15

can help measure productivity, subtract the cost of raw materials and energy from the gross value

Question 16

social development

Answer 16

high rates of literacy, access to formal education, and good health care

Question 17

Modernization model (Rostow’s Stages)

Answer 17

Britain was the first country to begin to develop their industry. Economic prosperity is open to all countries

Question 18

traditional stage

Answer 18

built around families, local communities, or religion. live very similar to ancestors, limited wealth, most are farmers

Question 19

take-off stage

Answer 19

people start to experiment with producing goods, sustained growth takes place, urbanization occurs, technological breakthroughs occur

Question 20

drive to technological maturity

Answer 20

economic growth, people focus on higher living standards, poverty is reduced, cities grow, less farms

Question 21

high mass consumption

Answer 21

luxuries becomes necessities, high incomes, majority of workers are in the service sector

Question 22

dependency theory

Answer 22

(wallerstein) world economy benefits rich societies and harms other countries by making them dependent on core countries

Question 23

capitalist world economy

Answer 23

global economic system that is based on high income nations with market economies

Question 24

core

Answer 24

rich nations, take raw materials from around the world and channel the wealth to North America, Europe, Australia, and japan.

Question 25

periphery

Answer 25

low income countries, support the rich by providing inexpensive labor

Question 26

semi periphery

Answer 26

in between rich and poor.

Question 27

James Watt

Answer 27

inventor of steam engine

Question 28

Samuel Slater

Answer 28

built the first U.S. textile mill

Question 29

location theory

Answer 29

explains the locational pattern of economic activities by identifying factors

Question 30

primary industry

Answer 30

develops around the location of natural resources

Question 31

secondary industry

Answer 31

less dependent on resource location

Question 32

variable costs

Answer 32

energy, labor, and transportation is less expensive depending on where you are. encourages development

Question 33

friction of distance

Answer 33

distance is too great for practical transportation

Question 34

distance decay

Answer 34

as distance increases, business activity decreases

Question 35

Alfred Weber/ least cost theory

Answer 35

explained location of industries

Question 36

transportation

Answer 36

site is chose based on the cost of moving raw materials to factories

Question 37

labor

Answer 37

the cost of labor is also put into consideration

Question 38

agglomeration

Answer 38

several industry clusters (agglomerate), they can provide support

Question 39

deglomeration

Answer 39

exodus of businesses from a crowded area

Question 40

substitute principle

Answer 40

business owners can juggle expenses