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Biology 101 > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of species in the Cnidaria phylum?

A

Jelly fish, Portuguese man of war, sea anemone, hydra

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2
Q

Characteristics of Cnidaria phylum?

A
  • Stinging cell (cnidocytes)
  • Radial symmetry (a first for the animals)
  • (the only group we study with radial symmetry)
  • Incomplete gut
  • Hydroskeleton
  • Tissue
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3
Q

What are characteristics of Platyhelminthes phylum?

A
  • Flat!
  • Bilateral symmetry (Includes head)! We’re going places!
  • Incomplete gut
  • Hydroskeleton
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4
Q

What are examples of species in the Platyhelminthes phylum?

A

Flat worms

Tapeworm

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5
Q

What are characteristics of Nematode phylum?

A
  • Round (in cross section)
  • Complete digestive system!!
  • All the rest of our phyla will have complete digestive systems and bilateral symmetry
  • Mostly microscopic (less than one millimeter) and “free- living”
  • Hydroskeleton
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6
Q

What are examples of species in the Nematode phylum?

A

Roundworms, hook worms, pinworm (most abundant on the planet)

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7
Q

What are characteristics of the Annelid phylum?

A

Worm body
Segmentation
Hydro skeleton

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8
Q

What are examples of species in Annelid phylum?

A

Earthworm (not typical because most love in water)
Setae
Leeches

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9
Q

Characteristics of the Arthropod phylum?

A
  • Jointed appendages!
  • _______________
  • Segmentation (still)
  • The most successful phylum
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10
Q

What are examples of Arthropods?

A 
Grasshopper
Beetle
Crawfish
Spiders
Crabs
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11
Q

What subgroup of Arthropods are spiders in?

A

Arachnids

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12
Q

What are characteristics of Arachnids?

A
  • _______________
  • Two body segments
  • Special mouthparts
  • _______________ on head
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13
Q

What are examples of Arachnids?

A

Spiders
Ticks
Scorpion

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14
Q

What are characteristics of the crustaceans? (Subgroup of arthropod)

A
  • Two pair of antennae on their head (insects have one pair of antennae and arachnids have no antennae)
  • Usually have many legs (more than four pair)
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15
Q

What are characteristics of insects? (Subgroup of arthropod)

A
  • 3 body parts _________
  • pair of antennae ____________
  • pairs of wings (on most adults)
  • Three pair of legs
  • ….and all that other Arthropod stuff!
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16
Q

What is the insects life cycle?

A
  1. Eggs
  2. Larva
  3. Pupa
  4. Adult
17
Q

Define Evolution

A
  • Changes that occur in the members of a species with the passage of time.
  • Change in the genetic composition of the gene pool of a species over time.
18
Q

Define Species

A

A species can naturally breed among themselves and can produce offspring that can also interbreed.

19
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

When a common ancestor group is separated geographically into two distinct groups.

20
Q

Darwins Theory of Evolution

A
  • 1) Evolution occurred

* 2) Natural Selection was the process by which evolution occurred.

21
Q

On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin

A
  • Darwin’s book about evolution
  • Written in 1859.
  • Much of the evidence gathered for Darwin’s book was observed and collected on his five- year trip around the world.
22
Q

Differential adaptiveness

A

The environment will have different effects on these phenotypes (the peoples bodies).

23
Q

What is the basic idea of Natural Selection?

A
  • 1) Variation…
  • 2) due to inherited characteristics.
  • 3) Differential adaptiveness: Some of these variations will make some offspring better able to adapt to the environment and some less able to adapt to the environment..
  • 4) Differential reproduction. Better adapted individuals have a better chance of reproducing
  • 5) The gene pool changes as the genes of these “better adapted” individuals increase in the population.
  • 6) Evolution is occurring.
24
Q

How does this “variation due to inherited differences” occur?

A

• Mutations!

How?
• By modifying genes that are already present.
• Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation

25
Q

Sexual Selection

A

• Changes in males and females, often due to male competition and female selectivity, leading to increased fitness

26
Q

Intersexual Selection

A

• One gender (usually female) selects the other gender, based on certain physical or behavioral characteristics

27
Q

Macro Evolution

A

Major evolutionary changes. When one type of creature eventually gives rise to a very different type.

28
Q

Micro Evolution

A

Changes in genes in a population over time. Results in small changes

29
Q

homologous structures

A

Structure that is similar in two or more species due to common ancestry.

30
Q

What is a mutation?

A
  • Alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition.

* Mutations introduce new genetic information into a population

31
Q

What does increased fitness mean?

A

Females select the mate they believe is healthiest.
• Why do females choose who they do?
• Why are males of some species always fighting?!

Biology 101 (2 decks)

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