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NUR123 Exam 2 > Unit 6: Alterations of the Upper GI Tract > Flashcards

Unit 6: Alterations of the Upper GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contributing factors of GERD?

A 
Hiatal Hernia
Incompetent LES
Decreased HCl clearance
Nutrition
Medication
Abdominal Surgery
Pregnancy
Obesity
Genetics
Tobacco use
Stress
Aging
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2
Q

__________ causes an erosion of mucosal barrier

A

Chronic gastritis

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3
Q

_______ decreases secretion of gastric acid production

A

esomeprazol

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4
Q

What is the name for esophageal cellular changes?

A

Barret’s esophagus

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5
Q

_______ causes acute massive hemorrhage in ICU patients

A

Stress ulcer

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6
Q

Rigid, board-like abdomen is a symptom of _______

A

Perforated ulcer

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7
Q

______ causes esophageal reflux

A

Decreased LES tone

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8
Q

H. pylori is a contributing factor of ___________

A

Gastric ulcers

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9
Q

Encourage small frequent meals
Encourage the pt to elevate HOB
Avoid tight fitting clothing

A

Interventions you would teach a patient with GERD

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10
Q

People with GERD should be encouraged to take a high-carb, low-protein diet

A

False

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11
Q

Common complications of gastric ulcers are hemorrhage and perforation

A

True

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12
Q

What is pyrosis?

A

Heartburn

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13
Q

What is dyspepsia?

A

“upset stomach”

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14
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

Ejection of matter from the stomach through the esophagus and mouth

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15
Q

What is gastritis?

A

Mucosal inflammation of the stomach

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16
Q

What is a perforation?

A

Abnormal opening in a hollow organ

17
Q

What is GOO?

A

Gastric outlet obstruction

Any condition that mechanically impedes normal gastric emptying

18
Q

Nasogastric tube

A

A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach used for feeding or suction

19
Q

What is dumping syndrome?

A

Rapid emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine; characterized by weakness and sweating

20
Q

What is H. pylori?

A

A bacterial species that produces urease and is associated with gastroduodenal diseases like gastritis and PUD

21
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

ZES is peptic ulceration with hypersecretion and non-beta cell timor of the pancreatic islets

22
Q

What are the physical assessment findings of GERD?

A 
Pyrosis
Dyspepsia
Regurgitation
Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Hypersalivation
Esophagitis
Dental erosion
Sour eructation
23
Q

What are the assessment findings of hiatal hernia?

A

Pyrosis
Regurgitation
Dysphagia

24
Q

What are the assessment findings of gastritis?

A 
Dyspepsia
Headache
Lassitude
Nausea
Anorexia
Vomiting
Hiccuping
Sour eructation
25
Q

What are the assessment findings of gastric PUD?

A 
Pyrosis
Gaseous pain
Dyspepsia
Pain in epigastrum
Food aggravates
Vomiting alleviates
Hematemesis
Sour eructation
26
Q

What are the assessment findings of duodenal PUD?

A 
Pyrosis
Cramping
Food relieves pain
Melena
Pain in mid-epigastrium
Sour Eructation
27
Q

What is an esophagogastroduodenoscopy?

A

A visual examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum using an endoscope

28
Q

What are the interventions for a pt going for an EGD?

A 
Note and report all allergies
Fasting required 6-8hr prior
Remove dentures
Insert protective mouth guard
Patent IV line
29
Q

What is a biopsy?

A

A diagnostic procedure to remove a small sample of tissue to be examined microscopically to detect malignant cells

30
Q

What are the interventions for a patient who is ordered a biopsy?

A

Signed consent
Note and report all allergies
Check patient for h(x) of hypersensitivity to anesthetic
Verify all documents, orders, machinery

31
Q

What is a barium swallow?

A

Examination of pharynx and esophagus after ingesting a thick and thin mixture of barium sulfate
Usually part of an UGI series; indicated for pt with h(x) of dysphagia and regurgitation

32
Q

What are the interventions for a patient doing a barium swallow?

A 
Fast after midnight
Diet restricted 2-3 days prior
Must drink at least 12-14 oz
Pt must wear gown
Must remove all radiopaque objects
Ask about allergy to barium
Screen all women of child-baring age for pregnancy
33
Q

What is a gastric acid simulation test?

A

Measurement of gastric acid secretion for 1 hour after a subcu injection of pentagastrin for similar drug
Usually done after a basal secretion test suggests abnormal gastric acid secretion

34
Q

What are the interventions for a gastric acid simulation test?

A 
Consent signed
Note and report all allergies
Check for h(x) of hypersensitivity to pentagastrin
Confirm fasting at midnight
Hold all GI medications
35
Q

What is H. pylori sampling?

A

A non-invasive screening for H. pylori that may be performed on a gastric specimen

36
Q

What is a fecal occult blood test?

A

A test that detects hemoglobin in stool by microscopic analysis or chemical test
Detects blood > 2-2.5 mL/day

37
Q

What are the interventions for a fecal occult blood test?

A

Notify the lab of any medications that may affect the test results

38
Q

What are the acute complications of UGI tract disorders?

A 
GI hemorrhage
Bowel perforation
Obstruction
Peritonitis
Anemis
Esophagitis
Ulceration
Esophageal stricture
Barret's esophagus
Respiratory spasm
Aspiration
Dental erosion

NUR123 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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