Unit 6 - Cities and Urban Land Use

Question 1

Annexation

Answer 1

The internationally legal addition of new territory into an existing state.

Question 2

Central Business District (CBD)

Answer 2

The central business district (CBD) is where a large amount of businesses are located.

Question 3

Central Place Theory

Answer 3

According to the “central place theory” in any given region there can only be one large central city which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. The central city provides the goods and services required by people living in surrounding communities.

Question 4

Concentric Zone Model

Answer 4

A city that is described as a Concentric Zone Model city will have a central business district which is surrounded by a series of rings with varying levels of development. Generally the closest ring will be for low quality housing and the furthest ring will be for suburban housing.

Question 5

Conurbation

Answer 5

A megalopolis or a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities and their suburbs with little or no rural land in between.

Question 6

Density Gradient

Answer 6

the further one gets from the center of the city, there will be a decline in the density at which people live. This is called the density gradient. The number of houses per unit area of land will decline with distance from the center city.

Question 7

Edge City

Answer 7

An edge city is an urban area with a large suburban residential and business area surrounding it. These areas are tied together by a beltway. The edge cities started as suburban areas for those who worked in the central cities.

Question 8

Filtering

Answer 8

Filtering is the process of subdivision of houses and occupancy by succesive waves of lower-income. Landlords stop maintaining houses when the rent they collect becomes less than the maintenance costs.

Question 9

Galactic City

Answer 9

The galactic city model represents a city with growth independent of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.

Question 10

Gentrification

Answer 10

Gentrification is a demographic and economic shift that displaces established working-class communities and communities of color in favor of wealthier newcomers and real estate development companies.

Question 11

Greenbelts

Answer 11

A green belt is a designated area of land around a city or urban area that is protected from development in order to preserve open space, reduce urban sprawl , and promote sustainable land use.

Question 12

Hinterland

Answer 12

In “central place theory” the outlying towns and small communities that rely on the central city for goods and services are known as “hinterlands.”

Question 13

Latin American City Model

Answer 13

The Latin American City Model combines elements of Latin American Culture and globalization by combining radial sectors and concentric zones. Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine.

Question 14

Market Area

Answer 14

The market area is the area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted.

Question 15

Megalopolis

Answer 15

A megalopolis is formed when when urban expansion results in an overlap in development by cities in close proximity to one another, resulting in a network of high-density human settlements.

Question 16

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Answer 16

A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes an urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000 with high density adjacent counties where the majority of inhabitants work in nonagricultural jobs

Question 17

Micropolitan Statistical Area

Answer 17

If the population of an area is between 10,000 and 50,000, then the area is technically a micropolitan statistical area instead of a metropolitan statistical area.

Question 18

Multiple Nuclei Model

Answer 18

A Multiple-Nuclei Model city is a city that does not have one central area, but instead has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity within one larger city.

Question 19

New Urbanism

Answer 19

“New urbanism” seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in an urban area. Advocates of “new urbanism” would argue for greater accessibility for pedestrians in cities and a reduced dependency on cars and highways.

Question 20

Peripheral Model

Answer 20

The galactic city model is also known as the peripheral model. The model is based on the city of Detroit, Michigan and is made up of an inner city, with large suburban residential and business areas surrounding it. These areas are tied together by transportation nodes, like beltways, to avoid traffic congestion.

Question 21

Primate City

Answer 21

A primate city is a city that is the largest in its country, province, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy.

Question 22

Public housing Project

Answer 22

Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families’ incomes. Example: Important for low class citizens. Application: Very Important because Public Housing affects urban areas.

Question 23

Redlining

Answer 23

Redlining is the discriminatory and, now, illegal practice of refusing someone credit, a loan, or insurance, or adding unfair terms in those contracts based on their race or ethnicity. The term comes from the red lines real estate lenders drew on their maps marking predominantly Black or mixed-race neighborhoods.

Question 24

Scattered Site

Answer 24

Site in which dwellings are dispersed throughout the city rather than clustered in a large project.

Question 25

Squatter Settlement

Answer 25

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

Question 26

Sector Model

Answer 26

The Sector model describes the growth of US cities based on economic and physical geography. The Hoyt sector model is based on a CBD connected to a Factories/Industrial sector, a Low-Class (working class) Residential sector, and a Middle-Class Residential sector.

Question 27

Suburb

Answer 27

The defining feature of suburbs, and the appeal for many people who move to them, is that they are dominated by single-family houses. This means suburbs, outer districts of urban areas, have lower population density and higher overall per capita wealth.

Question 28

Urban Sprawl

Answer 28

urban sprawl refers to the unplanned expansion of cities and urban areas surrounding rural or undeveloped land. It is characterized by low-density development, with a proliferation of single-family homes, strip malls, and other automobile-oriented development.

Question 29

Underclass

Answer 29

A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics

Question 30

Urban realms model

Answer 30

The urban realms model is a model of urban ecology which argues that metropolises are composed of several separate independent market areas. It challenges the idea that satellite suburbs are simple appendages dependent upon a central city node. Rather, they each are their own strong ‘urban realm’.

Question 31

urban renewal

Answer 31

Urban renewal is where cities remove residents from low income areas and rebuild the area to attaract higher income residents. Many low income residents live in public housing.

Question 32

World City

Answer 32

World cities are urban areas that function as major nodes in the world economy. That is to say, they are places with many important functions in the global flow of capital.

Question 33

Zone in transition

Answer 33

The Transition Zone is characterized as industrial and typically dominated by manufacturing facilities. It surrounds the mainly commercial city center and is surrounded by working-class residential housing, maximizing access to markets to sell manufactured goods and housing for factory workers.

Question 34

Zoning Ordinance

Answer 34

A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.