unit 7

Question 1

what was the great terror, and what kept stalin in power.

Answer 1

Stalin’s attempt to purge the communist party of suspected traitors. resulted in the death/imprisonment of 10 million people. fear and propaganda. publicity was used to only present his good actions to the public and to make him seem a kindly father figure

Question 2

what allowed the communist movement to grow in italy. what did the fascist party promise?

Answer 2

frustration after not getting the land they wanted, post war economic depression making it difficult to find jobs, workers going on strike, trade declined while taxes increased. to make italy great again by restoring efficiency and order.

Question 3

what is fascism

Answer 3

far right political system that is authoritarian.

Question 4

what did mussolini do as Il Duce

Answer 4

consolidated control over the government and army. outlawed political parties, took over press, and established a secret police

Question 5

how did the nazi name conflict with their ideology

Answer 5

nazi means national socialist german workers party, but the opposed ideologies that promoted class interest or workers rights. they were not socialists

Question 6

what was the Beer Hall Putsch

Answer 6

Hitler’s attempt to overtake Germany by marching on the capital. It failed and showed him that he needed to gain control through elections. He was imprisoned foe one year, during which he wrote Mein Kampf, which attacked the Jewish people and blamed them for all of Germany’s problems. It presented a blueprint of his plan for world domination

Question 7

what was the Gestapo

Answer 7

Hitlers secret police which helped him crush all opposition

Question 8

what made hitler appealing to the german people

Answer 8

his economic policies, rearmament and public works

Question 9

why did japan want to expand across asia. who took power to achieve this?

Answer 9

to gain control of resources in other nations to solve their economic problems. tojo.

Question 10

what did japan do to manchuria. what did they do in nanjig?

Answer 10

attacked it an established a puppet state. controlled its natural resources, railroad links, and coastal areas. they murdered 200,000+ and burned the city

Question 11

what did hitler do because he needed Lebensraum (living space). what was the anschluss?

Answer 11

expanded back into the Rhineland. This was a test on the league of nations to see how far they would let appeasement continue and how much he could take over. when germany brought austria back into the third reich and moved to take the sudetenland. this was an appeasement test of britain and france

Question 12

why did FDR start the good neighbor policy

Answer 12

he was concerned about the rise of dictatorships in europe and wanted good relations with threatening countries. (latin america). Under this policy, the U.S. withdrew from countries and agreed not to intervene in their affairs. emphasized trade and cooperation

Question 13

what was the munich pact

Answer 13

conference where france agreed to give up the sudetenland to appease germany and keep peace. France and Britian were finally motivated to act against Hitler when he broke the Munich Pact and absorbed Czechoslovakia.

Question 14

what did FDR criticize about the japanese and what was his plan to stop them? what was FDRs solution to stopping japanese aggression. how did FDR try to stop the expansion of japan into china?

Answer 14

their reign of terror and lawlessness. bombing civilians was an act of cruelty. an informal alliance of peace loving nations to control aggressive ones. by imposing a trade embargo on materials needed for aviation and naval missions. this slowed but did not stop them as they were able to get resources from other places

Question 15

why did hitler sign the nazi soviet nonagression pact, what did it establish

Answer 15

he was afraid of going to war with the soviets and the allies as he did not want to fight on two fronts. the pact agreed that they would not attack each other and they would attack poland together.

Question 16

what happened on september 1st, 1939

Answer 16

germany hit poland with a massive blitzkrieg attack, which caused it to fall. france immediately declared war, and britain declared war three days later

Question 17

what was the miracle of dunkirk

Answer 17

germany broke into france by using tanks and attacking english and french forces at the back and front of the english channel. they made a tactical error that allowed some troops to escape through dunkirk.

Question 18

what was operation sea lion, and what did it depend on

Answer 18

germany’s plan to invade britain. it relied on the luftwaffe destroying the british airforce and gaining control of the skies over the english channel. in this operation, the battle of britian was fought and consisted of germans bombing london (called the blitz). the british held on, so germany postponed the invasion.

Question 19

what did congress pass to avoid making the mistakes of WW1. how did the american cash and carry policy help the allies

Answer 19

the neutrality acts, which placed restrictions on how americans could engage with countries involved in war. they could not sail ships owned by nations at war, loan money to nations at war, or sell munitions to countries at war. it allowed goods and arms to be sold in the united states for cash, provided they could be transported on the allies ships.

Question 20

how did charles lindbergh play a role in ww2

Answer 20

he was the leading isolationist voice, he didnt want american lives to be risked fighting to save britain

Question 21

what convinced americans that they might need to be involved in europe, or prepare to defend themselves at the very least

Answer 21

reports form radio broadcaster edward murrow, who emphasized that the germans were bombing civilians and children rather than military sites

Question 22

what was FDRs economic declaration of war against the axis powers

Answer 22

the lease lend act, which gave him the power to provide any country with any defense article he felt necessary to defend the U.S.

Question 23

how did tojo feel towards the u.s.? what was the japanese goal of pearl harbor

Answer 23

he wanted to keep the peace but was in favor of japanese expansion. to eradicate the american naval and air presence in the pacific with a surprise attack, preventing america from mounting a strong resistance against japan

Question 24

what ended the division between isolationists and interventionists. what made the soviet union an ally

Answer 24

the attack on pearl harbor, led to involvement in war and acception of a pact with the soviet union, who now acted as an ally as germany walked back on the nonaggression pact

Question 25

what was the job of the war production board

Answer 25

to oversee the conversion of peacetime industry to war industry

Question 26

what was the role of douglas macarthur

Answer 26

to command the us army forces in east asia

Question 27

what was the baatan death march

Answer 27

the us was suffeirng heavy losses in the philippines agaisnt japan, do FDR ordered only macarthur to withdraw. his men surrendered and the japanese forced them to march inland. thousands died along the route

Question 28

what event bolstered american morale in the pacific

Answer 28

the doolittle raid, which was not a military operation, but mostly PR. it was a carrier based attack where bombers were flown off the USS hornet, seen by japanese earlier than intended, and so they dropped their payloads over tokyo and crashed into china after running out of fuel.

Question 29

what event marked a shift in the war in the pacific towards americans

Answer 29

the battle of the coral sea, which was the first naval battle to be fought entirely by air (the ships never see each other). Japan was attempting to capture new guinea, and america sent two aircraft carries to defend it. the japanese withdrew, proving they could be pushed back (even though there was no official winner)

Question 30

what did the allies decide was their most dangerous enemy

Answer 30

germany, as only it had the resources to simultaneously bomb london, fight the u.s. and british navies, and invade the soviet union.

Question 31

how did hitler cut supply lines, and how did the allies start to win the north atlantic war

Answer 31

he cut supply lines using uboats patrolling the atlantic, the allies used convoys of escort vessels to protect shipping boats

Question 32

what was the invention that helped the allies locate uboats

Answer 32

radar, which allowed for better location especially at night

Question 33

why did hitler want stalingrad

Answer 33

it would allow him to control the caucasus oil fields. the nazi forces were forced to retreat after soviets surrounded them at stalingrad and prevented the delivery of supplies. the soldiers eventually surrendered. this siege ended any realistic plans hitler had for dominating europe

Question 34

why was patton put in command

Answer 34

he was an innovative tank commander and trained soldiers and tanks to fight in deserts

Question 35

what were the two decisions made by FDR and churchill in moracco. how was Mussolini’s rule ended

Answer 35

the allies decided they would increase bombing on germany and invade italy, as well as they would only accept an unconditional surrender. the allies opened a front in north africa. forcing germany out allowed the invasion of italy, which was done through sicily after the allies led by eisenhower and patton surrounded the axis powers and the desert fox rommel in tunisia. this campaign gave the allies access to the italian mainland and allowed them to overthorw mussolini.

Question 36

how did the allies begin to bomb germany? who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

Answer 36

they used saturation bombing at night to avoid bein shot down while dropping large amounts of bombs. they targeted industrial centers to destroy the german ability to make war.

Question 37

what was the purpose of the battle of midway, and why was it such a great target. what happened, what was the outcome

Answer 37

japan wanted to prevent american retaliation after pearl harbor, and it was in the central pacific and vital to the defense of hawaii, so losing it would push americans back to california. americans were braced for this attack as navy codebreakers were able to intercept japenese messages. midway was a turning point in the pacific as the japanese were defeated by the americans. the japanese fleet was spread out to alaska. charles nimitz heard japenese plans and sent all carriers to midway, defeating the japanese offensive.

Question 38

why dud hitler blame the jews for germanys problems

Answer 38

racist nazi ideology that considered aryans superior to other people

Question 39

how did hitler gain support for antisemitism

Answer 39

by using the media to build unpopular support for jews. also indoctrinated children into the hitler youth.

Question 40

what triggered kristellnacht

Answer 40

a jewish man killed a german diplomat, so nazis ordered an attack in jewish people across europe

Question 41

what could the U.S. have done to help european jews

Answer 41

accepted more refugees

Question 42

what happened in 1948 that created a new country

Answer 42

the holocaust increased uspport for jewish homeland, so the jewish community of palestine proclaimed the state of israel and was supported by the UN

Question 43

why did americans buy war bonds

Answer 43

citizens lent the government money to help fight the war, and the government repaid them with interest. what was the job of the office of war information

Question 44

what was the job of the office of war information. the office of price administration?

Answer 44

worked with the media to encourage support for the war effort. the OPA fixed prices on goods to prevent inflation.

Question 45

what were enemy aliens, what were they required to do, which were treated the worst and why

Answer 45

enemy aliens were immigrants from axis countries forced to register with the government, submit fingerprints, and list their organizational affiliations. japanese were treated the worst as they were smaller in population and not as spread throughout the country, allowing racism to run rampant.

Question 46

what was executive order 9066

Answer 46

the order which allowed the government to declare any area a warzone and remove its population. this was used to create japanese internment camps.

Question 47

who were the 442nd regimental combat team

Answer 47

an all japanese regiment, the most decorated in american history. they fought in the italian campaign

Question 48

what was the double v campaign

Answer 48

victory against fascism and victory against racism at home. AA leaders like philip randolph asserted taht AA would no longer accept second class citizen status and that segregation of government funded training, employment, and armed services needed to end. they organized a march on DC, which FDR responded to as he was afraid a protest would cause division during wartime. he passed EO 8802, which assured fair hiring practices in any job funded by the government

Question 49

what did the big three decide at the yalta conference

Answer 49

they met to discuss the final strategy and questions concerning post war europe and asia

Question 50

how was the big three altered at the potsdam conference, and what was decide

Answer 50

atlee replaced chruchill and truman replaced FDR. they decided to divide germany into zones of occupation. while at the conference, truman learned about the successful tests of the atomic bomb.

Question 51

what did general macarthur do in japan after they had surrendered

Answer 51

he headed an american military occupation that supervised the writing of a new constitution which enacted democratic reforms (including womens rights), and established the groundwork for economic recovery

Question 52

what was operation overlord

Answer 52

the allies met in iran and agreed to open a western front against germnany. they attacked the beaches of france to get closer to berlin. the great deception was when they put out false messages and trails that they were planning to invade in calais rather than normandy. hitler fell for this, but the battle was still extremely deadly (omaha beach was the bloodiest).

Question 53

as operation overlord was going on, what did general bradley do

Answer 53

he used tanks to push through german defenses and invade paris. hitler ordered the city to be burned, which his general refused to do. d-day was the day he liberated paris, july 6, 1944/

Question 54

what were the goals of the battle of the bludge

Answer 54

this was the last german attempt at fighting back against the allies. they used confusion tactics to stop americans from being able to receive resources and be able to fight. after a rough winter, american reinforcements arrived and they caused a german retreat. this battle depleted the last of germanys resources after most had been wasted at stalingrad

Question 55

what is VE day

Answer 55

may 7, 1945. victory in europe day, the day that germany surrendered and the allies celenrated victory.

Question 56

what were the toughtest islands for americans to take while island hopping.

Answer 56

iwo jima and okinawa. okinawa contained a vital military base for taking over japan and was at a distance from which the americans could bomb the mainland. iwo jima has a statue of soldiers raising the american flag, and okinawa was the bloodiest campaign in the island hopping strategy.

Question 57

what was the estimated death count if the united states invaded japan, and what did truman do instead

Answer 57

1 million, so truman dropped two atomic bombs. the first one in august 1945 on hiroshima. the days later, the soviet union declared war on japan and invaded manchuria while the united states dropped a second bomb

Question 58

what happened on the USS Missouri in september 1945

Answer 58

douglas macarthur accepted the japanese surrender

Question 59

what happened to the uss indianapolis

Answer 59

it was carrying the parts of the atomic bomb and was sunk but did not call for help as the project was a secret

Question 60

what is the geneva convention

Answer 60

an agreement concerning the humane treatment of wounded people and prisoners of war

Question 61

wheb was pearl harbor

Answer 61

december 7, 1941