Unit 7: Cardiovascular

Question 1

purpose of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

transport blood to and from every living cell in the body

Question 2

how many chambers in heart

Answer 2

4

Question 3

functions of blood

Answer 3

transportation, fight infection, and clot blood

Question 4

arteries

Answer 4

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body cells

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins at the body cells

Question 6

veins

Answer 6

carry oxygenated blood back to the heart from the body cells

Question 7

components of blood

Answer 7

thrombocytes, leukocytes, erythrocytes, plasma

Question 8

thrombocytes

Answer 8

platelets
less than 1% of blood
not true cells - fragments
job: help to clot damaged blood vessels

Question 9

leukocytes

Answer 9

white blood cells
less than 1% of blood
lifespan: 1-3 days
job: defense against disease

Question 10

plasma

Answer 10

liquid matrix of blood
55% of blood

Question 11

erythrocytes

Answer 11

red blood cells
45% of blood
not true cells
biconcave discs
job: transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells
lifespan: 120 days

Question 12

types of leukocytes

Answer 12

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Never Empty Beers Like Mine

Question 13

neutrophils

Answer 13

most numerous WBC
multi-lobed nucleus
attracted to sites of inflammation
use phagocytosis to engulf bacteria

Question 14

eosinophils

Answer 14

2-4% of WBC
two-lobed nucleus
use enzymes to digest parasitic worms

Question 15

basophils

Answer 15

rarest WBC
release histamine

Question 16

lymphocytes

Answer 16

25% of WBC
2nd most numerous
large nucleus
found in lymph nodes
2 types: T cells, B cells

Question 17

monocytes

Answer 17

3-8% of WBC
largest
u-shaped nucleus
become macrophages

Question 18

hemostasis

Answer 18

a series of reactions that stops the bleeding when a blood vessel wall breaks

Question 19

steps of hemostasis

Answer 19

step 1: vascular spasm
-muscle wall of blood vessel constricts in response to released proteins
-purpose: decreases blood loss

step 2: platelet plug formation
- Von Willebrand factor binds platelets to exposed collagen fibers, forming a platelet plug

step 3: coagulation
-blood clotting
-clotting factors do an activation cascade and activate fibrin
-fibrin threads reinforce the platelet plug and create a long-lasting fix to allow time to heal