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science > Unit B-Cells and Systems > Flashcards

Unit B-Cells and Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Metabolism

A

All the life processes that take place in the cell; includes energy - using an energy creating processes.

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1
Q

Organisms

A

Living things.

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2
Q

Stimulus

A

Any change in an organism’senvironment [plural stimuli].

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3
Q

Response

A

Organism’s reaction to a stimulus.

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4
Q

Structures

A

Parts of an organism that perform specific tasks.

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5
Q

Function

A

Purpose or task.

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6
Q

Organ

A

Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

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7
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task such as digestion or breathing.

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8
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins; one cell layer thick and extremely narrow.

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9
Q

Microscope

A

Opticsldevice used for viewing very small objects; has at least two lenses: the objective lens and the eyepiece lens.

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10
Q

Compound Light Microscope

A

Microscope that has two or more lenses and has a light source.

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

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12
Q

Cell

A

The basic unit of life.

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13
Q

Organelles

A

Structures in cells that form a certain function.

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle that directs all the activities in a cell.

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelles that convert energy the cell receives into a form I can use [singular mitochondrion].

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16
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Thin structure that encloses all contents of plant and animal cells; has tiny openings that allow particles of some substances but not others to pass through

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17
Q

Vacuoles

A

Organelles that store water and other substances required by the cell.

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18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contents of the cell inside the cell membrane including the nucleus; contains nutrients to sell needs to survive.

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19
Q

Cell Wall

A

Outer covering of a cell that provides strength and support; found only in plant cells.

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20
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles that convert the sunlight into food; found only in some plant cells.

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21
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Type of microscopic organisms.

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22
Q

Multicellular

A

Made of more than one cell.

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23
Q

Unicellular

A

Made of just one cell.

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24
Q

Micro-organisms

A

Usually unicellular organisms that can be only through a microscope.

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25
Q

Pseupods

A

Foot-like projections on an amoeba; used for movement and capturing food.

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26
Q

Cilia

A

Hair-like extensions that protrude from the surface of some unicellular organism and from some cells in multicellular organisms.

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27
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particles of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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28
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

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29
Q

Specialized Cells

A

Cells that have specific structures that help them to perform a particular function.

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30
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Small, pliable cells that have no nucleus and are specialized for carrying oxygen to all the cells of the body.

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31
Q

Marrow

A

Type of connective tissue found in the bones that produces red blood cells.

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32
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Supports and connects different parts of the body.

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33
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Tissue of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

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34
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers the surface of the body and internal organs and lines the inside of some organs.

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35
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Allows movement.

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36
Q

Photosynthetic Tissues

A

Group of cells containing chloroplasts; produces food for the plant.

37
Q

Protective Tissues

A

Protect our plant absorbs water from soil.

38
Q

Transport Tissues

A

Transport food and water to different parts of the plant; includes xylem phloem.

39
Q

Storage Tissues

A

Stores food in plants.

40
Q

React

A

Respond.

41
Q

Interact

A

Work together.

42
Q

Respiratory System

A

Supplies blood with oxygen from the outside air and removes carbon dioxide from your blood.

43
Q

Muscular System

A

Move bones; moves organs that contain muscle tissue.

44
Q

Excretory System

A

Removes chemical and gaseous waste from the body; involves organs from other bodily systems.

45
Q

Digestive System

A

Break down the food you eat into parts so small to be absorbed and transported throughout the body.

46
Q

Nervous System

A

Coordinates and controls all organ and organ systems; detects, process, and responds to stimuli.

47
Q

Circulatory System

A

Transport system reaching every cell in the body; delivers nutrients absorbed by the respiratory system to every cell; transports waste products from cells for removal by the excretory system; defend the body against disease; connects all organ systems.

48
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food into small particles.

49
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles by enzymes.

50
Q

Enzyme

A

Substance created by the body to carry out chemical digestion.

51
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave-like muscle contractions along the digestive system.

52
Q

Gastric Juice

A

Liquid and stomach meet of mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and water; chemically digests food.

53
Q

Villi

A

Small finger-like projections on the inner surface of the small intestine that absorb nutrients [Cingular villus].

54
Q

Microvilli

A

Finger-like projections on the cell that line the villi [singular microvillus].

55
Q

Diaphragm

A

Large muscle below the lungs that helps move air in and out of the lungs; part that changes the size of the camera’s apparature; it varies the amount of light that reaches the film.

56
Q

Bronchi

A

Two main branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs [singullar bronchus].

57
Q

Bronchioles

A

Tubes that connect the bronchi to the air sacs in the lungs.

58
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs; the site of gas exchange [singular alveolus].

59
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers of the heart to receive blood from the body and lungs [Cingular atrium].

60
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers of the heart pump blood to the body.

61
Q

Arteries

A

Thick-walled blood vessels that take blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

62
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels return blood from the body to the heart; have valves.

63
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Blood cells specialized to fight infection.

64
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments in the body that help stop bleeding at cuts.

65
Q

Excretion

A

Waste removal.

66
Q

Urea

A

Poisonous substance concerted from highly toxic ammonia by the liver.

67
Q

Nephrons

A

Filtering units of the kidney that removes waste from the body and produce urine.

68
Q

Dialysis

A

Removal of waste products from the blood using a machine that functions as a kidney.

69
Q

Neurons

A

Specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit information

70
Q

Dendrites

A

Small branches of a neuron that receive information from neighboring cells.

71
Q

Axon

A

Long extension of a neuron’s cell that transmits information to neighboring cells.

72
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord.

73
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Division of the nervous system composed of the cranial and spinal nerves.

74
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Cells that carry information from the body to the central nervous system.

75
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Cells that carry information from the body to the central nervous system.

76
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Division of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary responses.

77
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Division of the peripheral nervous system that controls automatic responses in the body, such as heart rate.

78
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons in the central nervous system that connect sensory neurons to motor neurons.

79
Q

Reflex

A

Automatic response to the stimulus; happens very quickly and without conscious control.

80
Q

Smallpox

A

Disease that produces a rash and high fever can cause blindness and death; the first disease to be controlled by vaccine.

81
Q

Vaccine

A

Substance that is taken by or injected into an animal or person to produce an immunity to a disease; usually prepared from a mild form of the disease.

82
Q

Pasteurization

A

Process of heating food to a high temperature in order to kill harmful micro-organisms.

83
Q

Tar

A

Dark sticky substance formed when tobacco burns.

84
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

Colorless odourless gas that is released want to cigarette burns.

85
Q

Nicotine

A

Addictive drug found in cigarettes that speeds up the blood heart and raises blood pressure.

86
Q

Bronchitis

A

Disease in which mucus builds up in the bronchi and causes them to become narrower.

87
Q

Enphysema

A

Disease that causes damage to lung tissue, causing shortness of breath.

88
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Growth of tumors, which take up space in the lungs, making breathing difficult.

89
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Cholesterol build-up on the walls of arteries.

90
Q

Ulcers

A

Painful sores on the stomach lining often caused by the micro-organism H. pylori.

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