unit V 1-15 Flashcards
civil liberties
personal freedoms (speech, assembly, religion)
civil rights
protection against discrimination
clear and present danger doctrine
judicial interpretation of 1st amendment that gov may not ban speech unless such speech poses imminent threat to society
de facto segregation
segregation “by fact” (segregation that results from such factors as housing patterns rather than law
double jeopardy
being prosecuted twice for the same offense; banned by 5th amendment
due process clause
prohibits national gov and states from denying life, liberty, property w/o due process
equal protection clause
14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection, used to combat discrimination
eminent domain
right of the gov to take property for the public good with fair compensation to the owner of the property
establishment clause
provision of 1st amendment that prohibits congress from establishing an official religion (separation of church and state)
exclusionary rule
supreme court guideline that excludes use of illegally obtained evidence in a trial
free exercise clause
provision of 1st amendment stating that congress may not prohibit free exercise of religion
grandfather clause
southern laws that excluded blacks from exercising suffrage by restricting right to vote to only those worse grandfathers had voted before 1865
grand jury
determines whether or not to bring criminal charges against a suspect
total incorporation
states must obey all provisions of bill of rights because due process clause in 14th amend.
selective incorporation
bill of rights is to be applied to the states in a gradual manner in case by case basis
