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Anatomy- Back & Extremities > Upper Extremities- Muscles > Flashcards

Upper Extremities- Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Latissimus Dorsi
Proximal attachment
Distal attachment
Function

A

Proximal- Thoracolumbar fascia + iliac crest

Distal- Intertubercular sulcus

Function- Adduct arm, extend arm

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2
Q

Teres major (NOT a back muscle) Proximal attachment
Distal attachment
Function

A

Proximal- Inferior angle of scapula

Distal- Intertubercular sulcus

Function- Adduct arm

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3
Q

Trapezius
Proximal attachments
Distal attachments

A

Proximal: External occipital protuberance +
Cervical to mid-thoracic spinous processes

Distal: Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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4
Q

What are the major functions of Trapezius?

A

Upper- Elevate scapula
Middle- Retract scapula
Lower- Depress scapular

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5
Q

Levator Scapulae
Proximal attachments
Distal attachments
Function

A

Proximal- Transverse process of upper cervical vertebrae

Distal- Superior angle of scapula

Function- Elevate scapula

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6
Q

Rhomboid major and minor Proximal attachments
Distal attachments
Function

A

Proximal-Lower cervical to upper thoracic spinous processes

Distal-Medial border of scapula

Function- Retract scapula

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7
Q

Serratus Anterior
Proximal attachments
Distal attachments
Function

A

Proximal- Medial border of scapula

Distal- lateral thoracic wall

Function- Protract and rotate scapula

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8
Q

Deltoid
Proximal attachments
Distal attachments
Function

A

Proximal:
Anterior- Distal clavicle
Middle- Acromion
Posterior- Spine of scapula

Distal: Deltoid tuberosity

Function:
Anterior- flex arm at shoulder
Middle- abduct arm at shoulder
Posterior- extend arm at shoulder

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9
Q

Supraspinatus
Proximal attachment
Distal attachment
Function

A

Proximal- Supraspinous fossa

Distal- Greater tubercle

Function- Abduct arm

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10
Q

Infraspinatus
Proximal attachment
Distal attachment
Function

A

Proximal- Intraspinous fossa

Distal- greater tubercle

Function- rotation of arm

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11
Q

Teres minor
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Lateral border of scapula
Distal- Greater tubercle
Function- lateral rotation of arm

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12
Q

Supscapularis comes from which side:

A) anterior
B) posterior

A

A) anterior

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13
Q

Subscapularis
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Subscapular fossa

Distal- Lesser tubercle

Function- Medially rotate the arm

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14
Q

What are the FOUR muscles that make up the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

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15
Q

What test can you use for rotator cuff injury?

A

Drop arm test

Abduct shoulder to 90 degrees and slowly lower. If arm cannot sustain position against resistance, test is POSITIVE for supraspinatus tear

Apley Scratch test

Scratch back from above and below. If pain occurs, most likely injury

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16
Q

Which ligament connects to the long head of bicep?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

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17
Q

Pectoralis Major
proximal attachments
distal attachments
functions

A

Proximal- Proximal clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages

Distal- Intertubercular sulcus

Functions- Adduct and flex arm

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18
Q

Coracobrachialis defines the

A) posterior arm
B) anterior arm

A

B) anterior arm

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19
Q

Coracobrachialis
proximal attachments
distal attachments
function

A

Proximal- Coracoid process of scapula

Distal- Medial shaft of humerus

Function- flex and adduct the arm

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20
Q

Pectoralis Minor
proximal attachments
distal attachments
function

A

Proximal- Ribs 3-5

Distal- coracoid process of scapula

Function- Stabilize scapula

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21
Q

Subclavius
proximal attachment
Distal
Function

A

Proximal- Rib 1

Distal- Inferior surface of clavicle

Function- Stabilize clavicle

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22
Q

Biceps brachii proximal attachments (Long head AND short head)

A

Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head: Corocoid process of scapula

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23
Q

Biceps brachii
distal attachment
Function

A

Distal- Radial head (biceps tendon) and biceps aponeurosis into forearm fascia

Function- Flex and supinate forearm

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24
Q

Brachialis
proximal attachment
distal
function

A

Proximal- Anterior surface of distal humerus

Distal- coronoid process of ulna

Function- Flex forearm

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25
Q

Triceps brachii proximal attachments (Long , lateral and medial heads)

A

Long head- Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head- Posterior lateral shaft of humerus
Medial head- Posterial medial shaft of humerus

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26
Q

Triceps brachii
distal attachment
Function

A

Distal- Olecranon process

Function- Extend forearm

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27
Q

Anconius
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

proximal- lateral epicondyle of humerus

distal- olecranon process

function- extend forearam & stabilize elbow joint

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28
Q

What do the Pollicis muscles move?

A

Thumb (1st digit)

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29
Q

What do Indicis muscles move?

A

Index finger (2nd digit)

30
Q

What do digiti minimi muscles move?

A

Pinky finger (5th digit)

31
Q

Extensors of the forearm and hand are on what side:

A) Posterior
B) Anterior

A

A) Posterior

32
Q

Flexors of the forearm and hand are on what side:

A) Posterior
B) Anterior

A

B) Anterior

33
Q

What muscle is considered the flexor of the forearm

A

Brachioradialis

34
Q

Brachioradialis
proximal attachments
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Lateral supracondylar ridge

Distal- Distal radius

Function- Flex forearm

35
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis
proximal attachments
distal attachments
function

A

Proximal- Lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral epicondyle

Distal- Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Function-Extension and radial deviation at the wrist

36
Q

Extensor Digitorum
proximal attachments
distal attachments
function

A

Proximal- Lateral epicondyle

Distal- Extensor expansion/hood of digits 2-5

Function- Extend digits 2-5 at MCP joints through extensor expansion

37
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi
proximal attachments
distal attachments
function

A

Proximal- Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal- Extensor expansion/hood of digit 5

Function- Extend digit 5 at MCP joint

38
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
proximal attachments
distal attachments
function

A

Proximal- Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal- Base of the 5th metacarpal

Function- Extension and ulnar deviation at wrist

39
Q

Supinator muscle
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Lateral epicondyle, proximal ulna

Distal- Proximal anterolateral surface of radius

Function- Supinate forearm

40
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis

proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Posterior radius, posterior ulna, interosseous membrane

Distal-Base of 1st metacarpal
Proximal Phalanx
Distal Phalanx

Function- ABDUCT and EXTEND 1st digit at carpometacarpal joint

Extensor longus extends interphalangeal joint of 1st digit

41
Q

Extensor Indicis
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal-Distal ulna
Interosseous membrane

Distal- Extensor expansion/hood of 2nd digit

Function- Extend 2nd digit/index finger

42
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal-Medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal- base of 2nd metacarpal

Function- flex and abduct hand (radial deviation) at wrist

43
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal- Pisiform bone and hamate

Function- Flex and adduct hand

44
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Medial epicondyle of humerus + proximal radius

Distal- Middle phalanx of digits 2-5

Function- Flex digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints

45
Q

Pronator Teres
proximal attachments
distal attachment
Function

A

Proximal-Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna

Distal- lateral border of radius

Function- Pronate forearm

46
Q

Palmaris Longus
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal-Medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal- palmar aponeurosis

Function- Weakly flex hand at wrist

47
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Distal- distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Function- Flex digits 2-5, especially the DIP joint

48
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus
proximal attachments
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Anterior radius and interosseous membrane

Distal- distal phalanx of digit 1

Function- Flex digit 1 at the interphalangeal joint

49
Q

Pronator Quadratus
proximal attachment
distal attachment
funciton

A

Proximal- Distal anterior ulna

Distal- Distal anterior radius

Function- Pronate radius

50
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis aka ________.

A

Tennis elbow

51
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis is what?

A

Tenderness and pain on lateral epicondyle, worsened by radial deviation and extension of wrist

(Think of tennis backswing)

52
Q

Medial Epicondylitis aka _________.

A

Golfer’s elbow

53
Q

Medial Epicondylitis is what?

A

Tenderness and pain on medial epicondyle, worsened by ulnar deviation and flexion of wrist

54
Q

Medial Epicondylitis and Lateral Epicondylitis tend to have the most pain where?

A

Where the tendon is attaching to the bone

55
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Anterior hamate

Distal- base of 5th digit’s proximal phalanx

Function- Abduct 5th digit

56
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Anterior hamate

Distal- 5th metacarpal

Function- Pull 5th digit anteriorly

57
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Anterior hamate

Distal- base of 5th digit’s proximal phalanx

Function- Flex 5th digit of MCP joint

58
Q

Hypothenar Eminence contains what 3 muscles?

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi
Opponens Digiti MInimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi

59
Q

What 3 muscles make up the Thenar Eminence?

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis & Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis

60
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis & Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Proximal attachments
Distal attachments
Function

A

Proximal- Anterior surface of lateral carpals

Distal- Base of proximal phalanx

Function- Abduct and flex 1st digit

61
Q

Opponens Pollicis
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Anterior surface of lateral carpals

Distal- 1st metacarpal

Function- Pull 1st digit anteriorly

62
Q

Adductor Pollicis
proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Anterior surface of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Distal- Metacarpal & Proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Function- Adduct 1st digit

63
Q

How many lumbrical muscles are there?

A

4

64
Q

How many palmar interosseous muscles are there?

A

3

65
Q

How many dorsal interosseous muscles are there?

A

4

66
Q

Lumbrical muscle
proximal attachments
distal attachments
function

A

Proximal- Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Distal- Extensor expansion

Function- Extend PIP and DIP joints

67
Q

Palmar Interosseous muscle proximal attachment
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Between 2-5 metacarpal bones

Distal- Extensor expansion

Function- Adducts digits toward midline (3rd digit)

68
Q

Dorsal Interosseous muscles proximal attachments
distal attachment
function

A

Proximal- Between 1-5 metacarpal bones

Distal- Extensor expansion

Function- Abduct digits from the midline (3rd digit)

69
Q

Which muscle extends MCP?

A

Extensor digitorum

70
Q

What muscles extend digits strongly?

A

Lumbricals

71
Q

What forms the extensor hood/expansion?

A

Tendons of interossi + lumbricals that join the extensor digitorum past the MCP joint

72
Q

What are the digital flexors wrapped in to prevent irritation from them sliding around?

A

They are wrapped in tendons of synovial sheaths that are covered by a fibrous sheath

Anatomy- Back & Extremities (10 decks)

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