Upper extremity

Question 1

Biceps

Answer 1

Name: Biceps Brachii

Location:
-Anterior compartment of the arm

Origin:

• long head: supraglenoid tubecle of the scapula
• short head: coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion:

• radial tuberosity
• soft tissue attachment to the deep fascia of forearm

innervation:
-Musculocutanues nerve (a branch of the brachial
complex)

Function:
- flexes forearm at the elbow joint
- assists in flexion or shoulder joint
- suppanation of forearm
- long head assists in abduction of arm
- short head assists in adduction of arm and also the 
  inward rotation of arm

Question 2

Shoulder joint

Answer 2

Name:
-Articulatio Glenohumeralis (“Glenohumeral joint”)

Type:
- Synovial ball and socket

Articulation;
-Head of the humerous and the glenoid fossa or cavity

Question 3

Corachobrachialis muscle

Answer 3

Name:
-Musculus coracobrachialis

Location:
-Anterior compartment of the arm

Origin:
- coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion:
-Anteromedial surface of the humerus

innervation:
-Musculocutanues nerve (a branch of the brachial
complex)

Function:

• flexion at shoulder joint
• adduction of arm
• internal rotation of the arm at shoulder joint

Question 4

Brachialis

Answer 4

Name: Musculus Brachialis

Location:
-Anterior compartment of the arm, deep to the bicep
brahialis muscle

Origin:
-long head: Anterior aspect of humerus

Insertion:
-Ulnar tuberosity

innervation:
-Musculocutanues nerve (a branch of the brachial
complex)
- Radial nerve

Function:
- flexes forearm at the elbow joint (especially in pronated
position)

Question 5

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

Answer 5

Bicepts Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

Question 6

Tricepts

Answer 6

Name:
-Musculus Triceps Brachii

Location:
-Posterior compartment of the arm

Origin:
-long head: infraglenoid tubecle of the scapula
-Medial head: Posterior surface of Humerus inferior to
the radial groove
-lateral head: Posterior surface of Humerus superior to
the radial groove

Insertion:
-Olecranon of ulna

innervation:
-Radial nerve

Function:

• extension of forearm at the elbow joint
• extension of arm at shoulder joint
• adduction of arm at shoulder joint (lateral head)

Question 7

Anconeus

Answer 7

Name:
Musculus Anconeus

Location: 
-Posterior compartment of the arm
-inferior to tricepts
-(often blends with tricepts and appears to be one 
   muscle on disection)

Origin:
-lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:
-Olecranon of ulna

innervation:
-Radial nerve

Function:
- extension of the arm at the elbow joint

Question 8

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 8

A freely moving, specialized joint. Sarounded by an articular capsule which is lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid.

Question 9

Which bone is often referred to as the ‘elbow bone’?

Answer 9

The olecranon af the ulna

Question 10

What is the name for the two bony protrusions on either side of the distal end of the humerus?

Answer 10

epicondyles

Question 11

Name the bones of the forearm

Answer 11

Radias and Ulna

Question 12

Name the bones of the hand

Answer 12

Carpels, Meta Carpels, and Philanges

each finger has three Philanx: Proximal, middle and distal, except for the thumb which only has two: proximal and distal.

Question 13

Pronator Teres

Answer 13

Name:
Musculus Pronator Teres

Location:
- superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the
forearm

Origin:
-medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:
-Lateral surface of the radius

innervation:
-Median nerve (arises from brachial plexus)

Function:

• Pronation of the forearm
• Flexion of forearm at elbow joint

Question 14

Clavicle

Answer 14

Name:
-Claviculus (“Clavicle”)

Location:

Articulation;
-medially: the sternum (Sernoclavicular joint)
-latterally: acromion process of the scapula
(acromioclavicular joint)

Boney features

(inferior aspect, medial to distal)

• impression of costoclavicular ligament
• subclavian groove
• Conoid tubercle
• Trapezoid line

Function:
-connects axial skelleton and upper limb
-allows for weight to be transfered from the upper limb
to the axial skeleton
-protects nuerovascular structures between trunk and
upper limb

Question 15

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 15

Name:
-Sternoclavicular joint

Type:
- Synovial joint

Articulation;
-Sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

Question 16

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 16

Name:
-Acromioclavicular joint (“AC” joint)

Type:
- plane type synovial joint

Articulation;
-Acromial end of clavicle (acromial articular surface) and the acromion process of scapula (sternal articular surface)

Stabalized by:

• coracoacromial ligament
• coracoclavicular ligaments

function:

• allows for the anterior and posterior movement of the acromion during protraction and retraction of scapula
• rotation during ab and aduction of shoulder
• tilting of acromion during ab and adunction of arm

Question 17

What are the most common causes of fractures of the clavicle?

Answer 17

1. fall on the shoulder

2. fall on outstretched hand

Question 18

Humerus

Answer 18

Name:
-Humerus

Location:

Articulation;

• Proximally: the glenoid fossa of scapula
• Distally: ulna/radius

Boney features of the anterior

(Proximal to distal)

proximal anterior end

• Head of humerus (Caput humeri)
• Anatomical neck (Collum anatomicum)
• Greater Tubercle (Tuberculum majus)
• Lesser Tubercle (Tuberculum minus)
• Surgical neck (Collum chirurgicum) “prone to fracture”

Shaft
-Anteriomedial surface
–Crest of the lesser tubercle(Crista Tuberculi minors)
–Intertubercular sulcus (Sulcus Intertuberculararis) or
“bicipital groove” (long head of bicept)
-Anterior border
-Anteriolateral surface
–Crest of the greater tubercle(Crista Tuberculi majora)
–Deltoid tuberosity (Tuberositas Deltoidea)

distal anterior end
-Radial Fossa(fosa radialis)
-Coronoid Fossa(fosa coronoidea)
-Caputulum of the humerus(caputulum humeri)
-Trochlea of the humerus(Trochlea humeri)
-Medial epicondyle(Epicondylus medialis humeri)
-medial supracondyler ridge(Crista supracondylaris
medialis)
-lateral epicondyle(Epicondylus lateralis humeri)
-lateral supracondyler ridge(Crista supracondylaris lateralis)

Posterior proximal end

• Lateral border
• medial border
• Posterior surface of the humerus
• -radial groove (for radial nerve)

distal posterior end

• ulnar groove (for ulnar nerve)
• Olecranon groove (Fossa Olecrani)

Function: