Upper Limb

Question 1

Pectoralis Major

Answer 1

Prime mover of arm flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
-medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 2

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 2

Protraction
Stabilize the scapula by drawling it anteriorly and inferiorly against the thoracic wall, attacher to the coracoid process
-medial pectoral nerve

Question 3

Serratus anterior

Answer 3

protracts and rotates the scapula forward
Long thoracic Nerve

Question 4

Subclavius

Answer 4

Helps stabilize and depress the pectoral girdle - nerve to subclavius / subclavian nerve

Question 5

Anterior thorocappendicular muscles review

Answer 5

Peck, minor attaches to the scapula, moving scap
Pack major attaches to the humerus moves, humorous, upper arm bone
Serratus anterior is moving scapula
Subclavius is stabilizing, pectoral girdle, keeping attached to body wall

Question 6

Anterior arm compartment

Answer 6

Scapula and humerus
Pectoral girdle is attached from the trunk
Lots of mobility at upper arm, correlating, to very weak unstable joint

Question 7

Muscles of anterior compartment or arm

Answer 7

Bicep, brachii, flexes, forearm and supinates during flexion
Brachialis forearm flexor
Caracobrachialis attaches from coracoid process to the humerus.

Question 8

Posterior arm compartment

Answer 8

The tendon of the tricep will insert onto the ulna and extend. the long- head cross the shoulder. We can extend arm with a backward movement of arm.

Question 9

Anterior forearm compartment

Answer 9

Formed by two skeleton bones, the radius and ulna
Ulna. as a stabilizing bone of the forearm no movement allows flexion and extension,
Has an olecranon process for articulation with the humerus a crinoid process and it’s proximal end and a styloid process at it’s distal end

radius is shorter. The more movable bone has a head and radial tuberosity its proximal end and in a styloid process at its distal end

Question 10

Trochlear notch

Answer 10

Ulna

Question 11

Movements of forearm

Answer 11

Flexion extension pronation supination

Proximal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint that allows rotation of the head of the radius on the ulna during supination and pronation at elbow
Distal radioulnar joint a pivot joint of the radius on the ulnar allows, pronation and supination at the wrist

Question 12

Anterior compartment of forearm

Answer 12

Anterior flexor, pronator compartment, arise from medial epicondyle of the humerus inside of the elbow down the forearm  organized,  into two groups superficial to deep 

Question 13

Posterior compartments of forearm

Answer 13

Posterior extensor, supinator compartment, arise from lateral epicondyle of the humerus one down the back side of the elbow divided into two groups superficial to deep

Question 14

Anterior superficial compartment

Answer 14

Promoter teres: pronates forearm-innervated by medial nerve
Flexor carpi radialis: flexes and abducts hand-innervated by medial nerve
Palmer’s longus: flexes and innervated by medial nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris: flexes and adducts and innervated by ulnar nerve

Know location on picture

Question 15

Intermediate anterior compartment

Answer 15

Flexor digitorum superficialis:flexes middle phalanges - median nerve

Question 16

Deep anterior compartment

Answer 16

Flexor digitorum profundus: flexes distal phalanges two through five at the distal, interphalangeal joints
Ulnar nerve and median nerve
Flexor policies longus: flexes phalanges of first digit innervated by median nerve
Pronator quadratus- pronates forearm-innervated by median nerve

Question 17

Posterior Compartments of the Forearm Superficial Layer

Answer 17

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: extends and adducts hand at wrsit
Extensor digitorum: extends digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joints
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: extends and abducts hand at wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus: extends and abducts hand at wrist
Brachioradialis: flexes forearm

Radial Nerve

Question 18

Posterior Compartment Deep Layer

Answer 18

Supinator- supinates the forearm by rotating the radius
Extensor indicis: extends 2nd finger
Abductor pollicis longusL abducts and extends the thumb
Extensor pollics longus: extends the thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis: extends the thubmb

Innervated by radial nerve

Question 19

Bones of the hand

Answer 19

8 carpal bones
5 metacarpal bones
14 phalanges

Question 20

Movements of wrist

Answer 20

Flexion, extension, and abduction, adduction

Adduction is called ulnar deviation- raising thumb in anatomical position
Abduction called radial deviation- moving pinky closer to leg in anatomical position

Question 21

Adductor Pollic

Answer 21

Adducts thumb
- innervation of ulnar nerve

Question 22

Lumbricals

Answer 22

Flex metacarpophalangeal joints
Extends interohalangeal joints
1+2 MEDIAN NERVE
3+4 Ulnar Nerve

Question 23

Interossei

Answer 23

Dorsal interosseo abduct 2-4th digits from axial line
Palmar interossei adduct digits 2,4,5 toward axial line

Ulnar nerve

Question 24

Artiers of proximal Thyrocervical Trunk

Answer 24

Subclavian artery: branch of the arch of the aorta (navigate under clavicle down to lower limb)
Thyrocervial trunk gives off the cervicodorsal trunk and two branches: the suprascapular and dorsal scapular arteries that supply the scapular region

Question 25

Axilla

Answer 25

Passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb
(axillary artery and its branches, axillary vein and its tributaries, nerves of the cords and branches of the brachial plexus etc)
Trama can damage all of the innervation running through here and cause paralysis

Question 26

Arteries of the arm

Answer 26

Brachial Artery- Branches are deep artery of the arm ulnar collateral arteries

As subclavian artery crosses underneath the clavicle it turns into the axillary artery

Question 27

Arteries of the Forearm

Answer 27

Radial: Deep palmar arch- blood supply to the wrist-
Ulnar- superficial palmar arch- medial side of forearm

Question 28

Veins of upper limb

Answer 28

Have superficial and deep veins
Axillary Vein
Median Cubital vein- connects the veins
Cephalic Vein- Thumb- shoulder dumps into axillary vein
Basilic Vein- Runs up to armpit dives deep into brachial vein
All 3 are superfical

Question 29

Fractures of the wrist

Answer 29

Fracture of the scaphoid bone. This bone is poorly vascularized and if not healed properly it can necrosis.

Fractures of the radius and ulna is usually from an outstretched hand.