Urban Economies Flashcards
What is formal employment?
When jobs are officially recognised, workers are protected by laws and must pay tax.
E.g. they are payed above minimum wage
What is informal employment ?
When workers are hired into unofficial jobs, they aren’t regulated by the government and so workers are not protected by laws. They often end up working over hours in dangerous conditions for little pay. These jobs also mean less tax goes to the government.
What is the primary sector?
This involves the collecting of raw materials
E.g. farming and forestry
What is the secondary sector?
This involves the manufacturing of raw materials into manufactured goods, this sells for more money.
E.g. cotton into textiles
What is the tertiary sector?
This involves the providing of a service
E.g. financial services to nursing to retail
What is the quaternary service?
This sector is the information technology, research and development. This is where products are developed.
E.g. medical research and IT industry
What sectors are workers located in developing countries?
- Lots of people in low skilled tertiary sector
- Few people work in the secondary sector -theres not enough money for manufacturing.
- A very small percentage work in high skilled tertiary jobs, e.g. government
What sectors are workers located in emerging countries?
- There is very high employment in the secondary sector as there are large established industrial zones
- There are also lots of low skilled tertiary jobs
- There are increased amounts of high skilled tertiary jobs available from developing countries
What sectors are workers located in developed countries?
- Few people work in the secondary sector
- Most people work in the tertiary sector
- There is few employment in the quaternary sector
What is the pattern of informal employment in the different stages of a countries development?
Developing-high informal employment
Emerging-some informal employment
Developed-very low informal employment
Example of a developing country (statistics)?
Kampala, 50% of its GDP comes from its informal economy
Example of a developed country (statistics)?
New York, 7% of its GDP comes from informal economy
Why is it that only few amounts of people work in the secondary industry in a developing countries?
Because the country does not have enough technological advances to have manufacturing plants
What is dangerous about the informal economy?
It cannot be taxed and so countries in the development stage are unable to receive large taxes as most money is made unofficially
Why is there a high employment in the quaternary sector in developed countries?
Because they have the money, technology and education to invest in the research centres.
