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Exam 2- NUR 114 > Urinary Calculi > Flashcards

Urinary Calculi Flashcards

1
Q

How is nephrolithiasis defined?

A

kidney stones

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2
Q

How is ureterolithiasis defined?

A

ureter stones

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3
Q

How is urolithiasis defined?

A

bladder stones

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4
Q

What causes calcium stones?

A

from too much or too little calcium in the urine & blood

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5
Q

What causes uric acid stones?
What is an example?

A

too much uric acid in the urine
ex: gout

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6
Q

What is an example of struvite stones?

A

chronic UTIs

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7
Q

What is an example of cystine stones?

A

genetic disorders

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8
Q

Which types of urinary calculi are the most common & very rare?

A

calcium stones
cystine stones

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9
Q

What are the 3 medical conditions that are risk factors for urinary calculi?

A

Urinary stasis
Gout
Repeated/Chronic UTIs

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10
Q

Which 2 electrolytes increase the risk of calcium stones?

A

calcium & sodium

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11
Q

Excess intake of protein increases the risk of what two types of stones?

A

uric acid & cystine stones

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12
Q

Excess intake of sugar increases the risk of what stone?

A

struvite stones

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13
Q

What 3 characteristics describe the type of urinary symptoms we would see if someone had stones?

A

hematuria
oliguria
dysuria

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14
Q

What is the CVA tenderness technique used for concerning stones?

A

percussion technique that causes intense pain when a kidney stone is present.

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15
Q

Which primary diagnostic exam is used to diagnose stones?

A

CT scan of the kidney

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16
Q

Where is renal colic felt that is seen in stones?

A

flank pain in the abdomen that can extend in the genital area

17
Q

Which urinary symptom is the most concerning when a patient has stones? What can it lead to?

A

oliguria
can lead to hydronephrosis

18
Q

What do thiazide diuretics help treat?

A

calcium stones

19
Q

What does allopurinol help with?

A

prevent uric acid stones

20
Q

What do antibiotics help with?

A

prevent struvite stones

21
Q

What do our alpha 1 blockers help with?

A

help widen the ureters

22
Q

What 2 foods should a patient avoid to help prevent stones?

A

oxalate & uric acid/purine

23
Q

What are 4 foods that are high in oxalate?

A

asparagus
spinach
potatoes
nuts

24
Q

What are 2 foods high in uric acid/purine?

A

seafood
fruits

Exam 2- NUR 114 (7 decks)

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