Urinary System

Question 1

Adult male kidney weight
Blood volume filtered
Kidney failure&raquo_space;
Nerve of kidney

Answer 1

125g
200L or 125ml/min
Dialysis
Renal plexus

Question 2

Tube from kidney

Answer 2

Ureter

Question 3

Structure and function unit of kidney

Answer 3

Nephrons

Question 4

Afferent vs efferent

Answer 4

Afferent towards bowmans capsule(vascular pole)
Efferent towards body(renal pole)

Question 5

Renal corpuscle is formed of

Answer 5

Glomerulus (blood vessels)
Bowmans capsule( double walled envelope)

Question 6

Capillaries in glomerulus are..

Answer 6

Fenestrated
Rest on thick basal lamina (filtration slits and pedicles of podocytes)

Question 7

Bowmans capsule epithelium

Answer 7

Inner visceral» podocytes
Outer parietal&raquo_space; simpla swuamous

Question 8

Connective tissue of kidney is

Answer 8

Mesangial cells
Fix arterioles and support

Question 9

What stimulates absorption in distal convoluted tubules

Answer 9

ADH
Aldosterone

Question 10

Has microvilli and many mitochondria and straited

Answer 10

Proximal convoluted tubule
Both are striated due to basal foldings

Question 11

Drain urine from nephron to renal pelvis

Answer 11

Collecting tubule

Question 12

Many collecting tubules»…»

Answer 12

Papillary duct
Renal pelvis

Question 13

Urine formation steps

Answer 13

1 glomerular filtration (GFR)
2 tubular reabsorption
3 tubular secretion

Question 14

GFR
High
Low

Answer 14

Glomerular filtration rate
No proper reabsorption, in urine
Toxic accumulation

Question 15

Tubular secretion

Answer 15

Branch from efferent arteriole to collecting duct with toxic chemicals to prevent harm to nephron

Question 16

Creatinine vs creatine
Amount

Answer 16

Creatine&raquo_space; beneficial , high energy phosphate storage
Creatinine» toxic byproduct
Healthy kidney = 0.6-1.2 mg/dl

Question 17

Amyloidosis symptoms

Answer 17

Enlarged kidney
Thickened cortex with amyloid deposits
Blurred medulla

Question 18

What is amyloidosis

Answer 18

2ndry structure of protein instead of alpha&raquo_space; beta
Resist digestion
Accumulate as inclusion

Question 19

Inclusions of amyloidosis staining

Answer 19

Iodine&raquo_space; brown
Congo red» pink (white light)&raquo_space; green(polarised light)

Question 20

Amyloidosis chemical nature

Answer 20

AL&raquo_space; light chain, immunoglobins with light chain, synthesised from plasma cell
AA»fibril, chronic inflammation, synthesised in liver