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Histology 📖 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Renal Functions

A
  • Regulation of balance between water and
    electrolytes and the acid-base balance
  • Excretion of metabolic wastes along with excess
    water and electrolytes in urine
  • Excretion of bioactive substances, drugs
  • Regulation of arterial blood pressure by secretion
    of renin
  • Secretion of erythropoietin
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2
Q

Parts of the Urinary System

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
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3
Q

Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System

A
  • Posterior abdomen
    under cover of the ribs
  • Retroperitoneal
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4
Q

Kidneys

A
  • Hilum
  • Capsule
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5
Q

Hilum

A
  • Concave
  • Blood vessels
  • Lymph vessels
  • Renal pelvis
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6
Q

Capsule

A
  • Convex
  • Thin and fibrous
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7
Q

Renal Parenchyma of Cortex (KIdney)

A
  • Outer, darker
  • Renal corpuscles
  • Tubules
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8
Q

Renal Parenchyma of Medulla

A
  • Straight structures
  • Renal pyramids
  • Renal columns
  • Medullary rays
  • Renal papilla
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9
Q

Vasculature is closely associated with ___________.

A

Nephron Components

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10
Q

BVs named according to _____________

A

Location and Shapes

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11
Q

Functional Unit

A

Nephron

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12
Q

Parts of a Nephron

A

Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule

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13
Q

Renal corpuscle

A
  • Bowman’s capsule
  • Glomerulus
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14
Q

Renal tubule

A
  • Proximal Convoluted
    Tubule (PCT)
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule
    (DCT)
  • Connecting tubules and
    Collecting ducts
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15
Q

Types of Nephrons

A
  • Cortical
  • Juxtamedullary
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16
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF NEPHRON

Located almost completely in the cortex

A

Cortical

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17
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF NEPHRON

Lie close to the medulla

A

Juxtamedullary

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18
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF NEPHRON

1/7 of total

A

Juxtamedullary

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19
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF NEPHRON

Have long loops of Henle

A

Juxtamedullary

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20
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A
  • Glomerulus
  • Glomerular/ Bowman’s
    capsule
  • Capsular/ Urinary space
  • Vascular pole
  • Tubular pole
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21
Q

iDENTIFY THE PART OF RENAL CORPUSCLE

Receives filtered fluid

A

Capsular/ Urinary space

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22
Q

PARTS OF THE Glomerular/ Bowman’s
capsule

A
  • Visceral
  • Parietal
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23
Q

Lining of the Parietal layer of the Bowman’s Capsule

A

Simple squamous

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24
Q

In the parietal layer (Tubular pole), epithelium changes to ____________.

A

Simple Cuboidal

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25
Q

It is the characteristic of Proximal Convoluted Tubule

A

Parietal Layer

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26
Q

Parts of the Visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule

A
  • Podocytes
  • Pedicels
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27
Q

IDENTIFY THE PART OF THE VISCERAL LAYER OF THE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

Stellate epithelial cells

A

Podocytes

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28
Q

IDENTIFY THE PART OF THE VISCERAL LAYER OF THE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

Cell body give rise to 1o
processes

A

Podocytes

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29
Q

IDENTIFY THE PART OF THE VISCERAL LAYER OF THE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

2o foot processes or
pedicels

A

Podocytes

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30
Q

Bridged by a
semipermeable
diaphragm called slit
diaphragm

A

Filtration slit pores

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30
Q

IDENTIFY THE PART OF THE VISCERAL LAYER OF THE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

Interdigitate forming
elongated spaces

A

Pedicels

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31
Q

IDENTIFY THE PART OF THE VISCERAL LAYER OF THE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

Filtration slit pores

A

Pedicels

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32
Q

Poles

A
  • Vascular pole
  • Tubular/ Urinary pole
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33
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF POLE

Afferent arteriole enters
and efferent arteriole
leaves

A

Vascular pole

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34
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF POLE

Afferent arteriole
divides into 2-5
capillaries of the
glomerulus

A

Vascular pole

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35
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF POLE

Proximal Convoluted Tubule begins

A

Tubular/ Urinary pole

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36
Q

Glomerular Filtration Barrier

A
  1. Fenestrated capillary
  2. Glomerular basement
  3. Filtration slit diaphragms
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37
Q

Block blood cell and
platelets

A

Fenestrated capillary endothelium

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38
Q

Basal laminae of capillary
+ podocyte

A

Glomerular basement

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39
Q

Restricts large proteins &
organic anions

A

Glomerular basement

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39
Q

Restricts small proteins and some anions

A

Filtration slit diaphragms

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40
Q

Physical support of
capillaries within
glomerulus

A

Mesangial Cells

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41
Q

Between capillaries that
lack podocytes

A

Mesangial Cells

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42
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule is shorter than Distal Convoluted Tubule. (T or F)

A

FALSE (longer)

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43
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule is mainly cortical. (T or F)

A

TRUE

44
Q

Type of cells in Proximal Convoluted Tubule

A

Simple cuboidal cells

45
Q

Simple cuboidal cells

A
  • Long microvilli (brush
    borders)
  • Abundant mitochondria
  • Very acidophilic cytoplasm
    & central nuclei
46
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule’s lumen has a __________ appearance.

A

Fuzz-filled

47
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule is specialized for ________

A

Reabsorption and
Secretion

48
Q

PCT extends down to the
medulla as thick
descending limb and
continues as the ___________

A

Loop of Henle

49
Q

Lining Epithelium of Loop of Henle

A

Simple squamous
epithelium

50
Q

Loop of Henle becomes ____________

A

Thick Ascending Limb

51
Q

Lining Epithelium of Thick Ascending Limb (Loop of Henle)

A

Simple cuboidal extending
back into the cortex

52
Q

Lining Epithelium of Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

53
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule has short microvilli and more empty lumens. (T or F)

A

TRUE

53
Q

In Distal Convoluted Tubule, Rate of Na+ absorption is regulated by

A

Aldosterone (from adrenal glands)

54
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

Macula densa
JG granular cells
Lacis cells

55
Q

IDENTIFY THE CELL OF JUXTAMERULAR APPARATUS

Specialized sensory
structure

A

Macula densa

56
Q

IDENTIFY THE CELL OF JUXTAMERULAR APPARATUS

Regulates glomerular
blood flow and keeps
GFR constant

A

Macula densa

57
Q

IDENTIFY THE CELL OF JUXTAMERULAR APPARATUS

DCT contacts arteriole

A

Macula densa

58
Q

IDENTIFY THE CELL OF JUXTAMERULAR APPARATUS

Become more columnar
and closely packed

A

Macula densa

59
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CELL IN THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Tunica media of afferent
arteriole

A

JG granular cells

60
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CELL IN THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Smooth muscles become modified to granular cells.

A

JG granular cells

61
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CELL IN THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Secretes Renin

A

JG granular cells

62
Q

Its role in the
regulation of blood
pressure and
electrolyte balance

A

Renin

63
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CELL IN THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

A

Lacis cells

64
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF CELL IN THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Supportive, contractile, and
defensive functions

A

Lacis cells

65
Q

Lining Epithelium of the Collecting Tubules

A

Simple cuboidal to
columnar epithelium

66
Q

Collecting Tubules merges with ___________

A

Columnar cells of collecting duct

67
Q

It makes Collecting Ducts more
permeable to water
during dehydration

A

Anti Diuretic Hormone

68
Q

Transitional Epithelium consists of

A

Single layer of small
basal cells resting on a
very thin basement membrane

69
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Intermediate Region
Superficial Layer

70
Q

Determine the part of the Transitional Epithelium.

One to several layers of
columnar cells

A

Intermediate region

71
Q

Determine the part of the Transitional Epithelium.

Umbrella or Dome cells

A

Superficial layer

72
Q

How many cell layers does distended bladder have?

A

2-3 cell layers

73
Q

How many cell layers does empty bladder have?

A

4-5 cell layers

74
Q

Transitional Epithelium is a form of ___________.

A

Stratified Epithelium

75
Q

Transitional Epithelium is found only in _____________.

A

Urinary Tract of Mammals

76
Q

Transitional Epithelium is highly specialized to accommodate a ___________, and withstand the ___________.

A
  • great degree of stretch
  • toxicity of urine
77
Q

Tunica Adventitia of Ureter

A

Connective Tissue

78
Q

Tunica musularis of the ureter has 2 layers of smooth muscle, and distally it becomes 3 layers (T or F).

A

True

79
Q

As urine enters,
stretches, contracts
in _____________.

A

Peristaltic waves

80
Q

Mucosa of Ureter

A

Transitional Epithelium

81
Q

The lumen of the ureter is

A

Very narrow, easily obstructed

82
Q

Lining Epithelium of Urinary Bladder (Mucosa)

A

Transitional Epithelium

83
Q

Submucosa of the Urinary Bladder

A
  • DICT
  • Highly vascularized
84
Q

Muscularis of the Urinary Bladder

A
  • Detrusor
    * Inner longitudinal
    * Middle circular
    * Outer longitudinal
85
Q

Length of Female Urethra

A

4-5 cm long

86
Q

Female urethra secretes

A

Urine

87
Q

Female Urethra is initially with ___________ epithelium, then by _________ and some areas __________.

A

Transitional Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

88
Q

MIddle part of the Female Urethra is surrounded by ___________.

A

External Muscle Sphincter

88
Q

Length of Male Urethra

A

20cm long

89
Q

Male urethra secretes ____________

A

Secretes semen and urine

90
Q

Male Urethra

A
  • Prostatic
  • Membranous
  • Spongy
91
Q

Length of Prostatic Urethra

A

3 to 4 cm long

92
Q

Lining Epithelium of Prostatic Urethra

A

Transitional Urethra

93
Q

Prostatic Urethra

A

Urothelium

94
Q

Short segment that
passes through an
external sphincter of
striated muscle

A

Membranous Urethra

95
Q

Lining Epithelium of Membranous Urethra

A

Stratified columnar and
pseudostratified
epithelium

96
Q

Length of Spongy Urethra

A

15cm long

97
Q

Spongy Urethra is enclosed within

A

Erectile tissue of the penis

98
Q

Lining epithelium of Spongy Urethra

A

Stratified columnar and
pseudostratified
columnar

99
Q

Lining Epithelium of Spongy Urethra distally

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

100
Q

Mucosa of Spongy Urethra

A

Lacuna Morgagni

101
Q

Lining of Spongy Urethra

A

Stratified or
pseudostratified
columnar

102
Q

Lining Epithelium of Spongy Urethra (Distal)

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium

103
Q

Lamina Propria of Spongy Urethra

A

Loose Connective Tissue with Abundant Elastic Fibers

104
Q

Mucus secreting glands

A

Para-urethral /Littre’s
glands

105
Q

Para-urethral Glands

A
  • Urethral meatus
  • Urethra
106
Q

Para-urethral glands is lubricated by _________, from ___________ to ___________.

A

Mucous secretions from
* Para-urethral glands
* Bulbo-urethral glands of
Cowper

Histology 📖 (4 decks)

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