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Chapter 7 & 8 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

Calciferol

A

Active form of vitamin, secreted by the kidney

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1
Q

Arteriole

A

Small artery

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2
Q

Calyx or calix

Calixes or calices

A

Cup like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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3
Q

Catheter

A

Tube for injecting or removing fluid

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4
Q

Cortex

A

Outer region of an organ

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5
Q

Creatinine

A

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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6
Q

Creating clearance

A

A measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatine from the blood

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7
Q

Electrolyte

A

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

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8
Q

Erythropoietin

EPO

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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9
Q

Filtration

A

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

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10
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

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11
Q

Glomerulus

A

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidneys

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12
Q

Hilum

A

Depression in a organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

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13
Q

Kidney

A

One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region, it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

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14
Q

Meatus

A

Opening or canal

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15
Q

Medulla

A

Inner region of an organ

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16
Q

Medulla cavity

A

In long bones, the inner most part of the containing red and yellow bone marrow

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17
Q

Nephron

A

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney

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18
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.

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19
Q

Potassium

A

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that the proper on contraction is maintained within the blood

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20
Q

Reabsorption

A

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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21
Q

Renal artery

A

Blood vessels that carries blood to the kidney

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22
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Central collecting region on the kidney

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23
Q

Renal vein

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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24
Q

Renin

A

Hormone secreted by the kidney, it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction ( narrowing of blood vessels)

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25
Q

Sodium

A

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses

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26
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

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27
Q

Urea

A

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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28
Q

Ureter

A

One of the two tubules leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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29
Q

Urethra

A

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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30
Q

Uris acid

A

Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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31
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

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32
Q

Urination

A

Process of expelling urine, also called micturition

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33
Q

Cali/o; Calic/o

A

Calyx; cup shaped

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34
Q

Caliectasis

A

Caliectasis is a kidney condition in which the part of the kidney that drains urine into the bladder becomes dilated.

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35
Q

Caliceal

A

Pertaining to the calyx

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36
Q

Cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

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37
Q

Cystitis

A

Bacterial infection of the urinary bladder and inflammation of the bladder

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38
Q

Cystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the bladder or a part of it

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39
Q

Cystostomy

A

An opening made on the urinary bladder

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40
Q

Glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

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41
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.

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42
Q

Meat/o

A

Meatus

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43
Q

Meatal stenosis

A

Meatal stenosis is a narrowing of the opening of the urethra, the tube through which urine leaves the body.

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44
Q

Nephr/o

A

Kidney

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45
Q

Parenephric

A

Near the kidney

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46
Q

Nephroptosis

A

Is an abnormal condition in which the kidney drops down into the pelvis when the patient stands up.

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47
Q

Nephropexy

A

An operation to put a floating kidney in place

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48
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

Incision into the kidney to remove a kidney stone

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49
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Swelling of the kidney due to a build up of urine;

Obstruction of urine flow due to a renal calculi

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50
Q

Nephrostomy

A

A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis).

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51
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

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52
Q

Pyelolithotomy

A

Removal of a large stone contributing to a blockage of urine flow and development of infection

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53
Q

Ren/o

A

Kidney

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54
Q

Renal ischemia

A

The deficiency of blood in one or both kidneys

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55
Q

Renal colic

A

Intermittent spasms of pain cause by inflammation and distention on the kidney

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56
Q

Trigon/o

A

Trigone; region of the bladder

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57
Q

Trigontitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder Trigone

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58
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureter

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59
Q

Ureteroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the ureter

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60
Q

Ureteroileostomy

A

Surgical implantation of a ureter into an isolated segment of the ileum which drains through an abdominal stoma.

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61
Q

Urethr/o

A

Urethra

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62
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

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63
Q

Urethroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the urethra

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64
Q

Urethral stricture

A

An abnormal narrowing of the urethra

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65
Q

Vesic/o

A

Urinary bladder

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66
Q

Intravesical

A

Within the urinary bladder

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67
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract.

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68
Q

Albumin/o

A

Albumin (a protein in the blood)

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69
Q

Albuminuria

A

Having too much protein in the urine

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70
Q

Azot/o

A

Nitrogen

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71
Q

Azotemia

A

Abnormally high levels of nitrogen in the blood

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72
Q

Bacteri/o

A

Bacteria

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73
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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74
Q

Bacteriuria

A

A significant number of bacteria in the urine

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75
Q

UTI

A

Urinary tract infection

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76
Q

C&S

A

Culture and sensitivity testing

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77
Q

Dips/o

A

Thirsty

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78
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

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79
Q

Kal/o

A

Potassium

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80
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High potassium level in the blood

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81
Q

Ket/o; keton/o

A

Ketone bodies

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82
Q

Ketosis

A

s a condition in which levels of ketones (ketone bodies) in the blood are elevated.

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83
Q

Acetone

A

A ketone body that is released from the blood in the lungs and exhaled through the mouth

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84
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone

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85
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stone

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86
Q

Natr/o

A

Sodium

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87
Q

Hyponatremia

A

A condition that happens when the levels of sodium in your body is low

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88
Q

Noct/o

A

Night

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89
Q

Nocturia

A

Frequent urination at night

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90
Q

Olig/o

A

Scanty

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91
Q

Oliguria

A

Low output of urine

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92
Q

-Poeitin

A

Substance that forms

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93
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone produced largely in the kidneys that influences the rate of production of red blood cells (erythrocytes).

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94
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

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95
Q

Pyuria

A

Condition of urine containing pus

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96
Q

-tripsy

A

Crushing

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97
Q

Lithotripsy

A

is a procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney, bladder, or ureter (tube that carries urine from your kidneys to your bladder).

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98
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine

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99
Q

Uremia

A

toxic effects of abnormally high concentrations of nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of the kidney’s failure to expel these waste products by the way of urine

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100
Q

Enuresis

A

Not being able to control your urination

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101
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased or excessive production of urine

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102
Q

Anti diuretic hormone

A

acts to maintain blood pressure, blood volume and tissue water content by controlling the concentration of urine made by the kidneys.

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103
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Loss of bladder control resulting in urine leaking out of the urethra

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104
Q

Urinary retention

A

The inability to empty the bladder of urine completely or the outflow of urine is blocked

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105
Q

-uria

A

Urination or urine condition

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106
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

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107
Q

Anuria

A

Condition when the kidneys are not able to produce urine

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108
Q

Hematuria

A

Presence of blood in urine

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109
Q

Glycosuria

A

Excretion of glucose in urine

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110
Q

Polysuria

A

A condition where you urinate an excessive or large amount of urine that is not normal

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111
Q

Specific gravity

A

Reflects the amounts of wastes, minerals, and solids into the urine

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112
Q

Ketone bodies

A

Are formed when fatty acids are broken down in the liver

113
Q

Sediment and casts

A

The presence of abnormal particles in the urine is a sign of a pathological condition

114
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Rare condition in which a baby is born unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine

115
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

116
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

117
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones

118
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

119
Q

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

Multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney

120
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the reval pelvis and renal parenchyma

121
Q

Hypernephroma

A

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

122
Q

Renal failure

A

Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

123
Q

Renal hypertension

A

High blood pressure resulting in kidney disease

124
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

125
Q

Bladder cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the ur nary bladder

126
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Anti diuretic hormone is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

127
Q

Diabetes Mellitus DM

A

Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

128
Q

Blood urea nitrogen BUN

A

Measurement of urea levels in blood

129
Q

Creatine clearance

A

Measurement of the rate at which creatine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

130
Q

CT Urography

A

X-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross sectional and other views of the kidney

131
Q

Kidneys, ureters, and bladders (KUB)

A

X-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

132
Q

Renal angiography

A

X-ray examination of the blood vessels of the kidney

133
Q

Retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder.

134
Q

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

A

X-ray image, without contrast, of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

135
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Imaging of the urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves

136
Q

Radioisotope scan

A

Image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream

137
Q

MRI Urography

A

Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

138
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

139
Q

Dialysis

A

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

140
Q

Hemodialysis (HD)

A

Uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste filled blood from the patients bloodstream, filters it through and artificial porous membrane , and returns dialyzed blood to the patients body

141
Q

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)

A

Uses a catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal, abdominal, cavity

142
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Urinary tract stones are crushed

143
Q

Renal angioplasty

A

Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

144
Q

Renal biopsy

A

Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

145
Q

Renal transplantation

A

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

146
Q

Urinary catherization

A

Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

147
Q

Foley catheter

A

Cather held in place by a balloon filled with liquid

148
Q

AKI

A

Acute renal injury

149
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen

150
Q

CAPD

A

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

151
Q

CKD

A

Chronic kidney disease

152
Q

Cl-

A

Chloride

153
Q

CrCl

A

Creatine clearance

154
Q

CRF

A

Chronic renal failure

155
Q

Cysto

A

Cystoscopic examination

156
Q

eGFR

A

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

157
Q

ESWL

A

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

158
Q

HD

A

Hemodialysis

159
Q

IC

A

Interstitial cystitis- chronic inflammation of the bladder wall

160
Q

IVP

A

Intravenous pyelogram

161
Q

K+

A

Potassium

162
Q

KUB

A

Kidney, ureter, bladder

163
Q

Na+

A

Sodium

164
Q

PD

A

Peritoneal dialysis

165
Q

pH

A

Scale to indicate degree of acidity or alkalinity

166
Q

PKD

A

Polycystic kidney disease

167
Q

PUL

A

Percutaneous infrasound lithotripsy

168
Q

RP

A

Retrograde pyelography

169
Q

sp gr

A

Specific gravity

170
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

171
Q

UTI

A

Urinary tract infection

172
Q

VCUG

A

Voiding cystourethrogram

173
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

Pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra

174
Q

Ejaculation

A

Ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra.

175
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Tube through which semen enters the male urethra

176
Q

Epididymis

A

One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

177
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection

178
Q

Flagellum

A

Hair like projection on a sperm cell that allows it to move

179
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

180
Q

Glans penis

A

Sensitive Tip of the penis;

181
Q

Identical twins

A

Two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos

182
Q

Conjoined twins

A

Incompletely separated identical twins

183
Q

Interstitial cells of the testes

A

Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes

184
Q

Parenchymal tissue

A

Essential distinctive cells of an organ

185
Q

Penis

A

Male external organ

186
Q

Perineum

A

External region between the a us and the scrotum on the male

187
Q

Prepuce

A

Foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis

188
Q

Prostate gland

A

Exocrine gland at the base of the of the male urinary bladder. It secretes one of the fluid parts of semen into the urethra during ejaculation

189
Q

Scrotum

A

External sac that contains the testes

190
Q

Semen

A

Spermatozoa and seminal fluids discharged from the urethra during ejaculation

191
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens

192
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes

193
Q

Spermatozoon; spermatozoa

A

Sperm cell

194
Q

Sterilization

A

Procedure that removed a persons ability to produce or release reproductive cells

195
Q

Stromatolites tissue

A

Supportive connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma

196
Q

Testis

A

Male gonad that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone

197
Q

Testosterone

A

Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes, responsible for male sex characteristics

198
Q

Vas deferens

A

Narrow tube carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra

199
Q

Andr/o

A

Male

200
Q

Androgen

A

is the broad term for any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.

201
Q

Balan/o

A

Glans penis

202
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of the foreskin and head of penis

203
Q

Cry/o

A

Cold

204
Q

Cryogenic surgery

A

Procedure that destroys cells by freezing them

205
Q

Crypt/o

A

Hidden

206
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Congenital condition where one or both testicles do not descend, by the time of birth, into the scrotal sac from the abdominal cavity

207
Q

Epididym/o

A

Epididymis

208
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymis caused by bacteria

209
Q

Gon/o

A

Seed

210
Q

Gonorrhea

A

is a common human sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium.The usual symptoms in men are burning with urination and penile discharge.

211
Q

Hydro

A

Water, fluid

212
Q

Hydrocele

A

Sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

213
Q

Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

A

Testis, testicle

214
Q

Orchiectomy

A

The removal of the testicles in males

215
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testicles

216
Q

Pen/o

A

Penis

217
Q

Penile

A

Pertaining to the penis

218
Q

Prostat/o

A

Prostate gland

219
Q

Prostatitis

A

Inflammation of the prostate gland

220
Q

Prostatectomy

A

Removal of the prostate gland

221
Q

Semin/I

A

Semen, seed

222
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

are the site of the germination, maturation, and transportation of the sperm cells within the male testes.

223
Q

Sperm/o, spermat/o

A

Spermatozoa, semen

224
Q

Spermolytic

A

A substance that destroys sperm

225
Q

Oligospermia

A

is a male fertility issue defined as a low sperm concentration in the ejaculate or low sperm count.

226
Q

Aspermia

A

The complete lack of semen

227
Q

Terat/o

A

Monster

228
Q

Teratoma

A

is an encapsulated tumor with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of more than one germ layer.

229
Q

Test/o

A

Testis, testicle

230
Q

Testicular

A

Pertaining to the testicles

231
Q

Varic/o

A

Varicose veins

232
Q

Varicocele

A

is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum

233
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel, duct, vas deferens

234
Q

Vasectomy

A

Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

235
Q

Zo/o

A

Animal life

236
Q

Azoospermia

A

Lack of spermatozoa in the semen

237
Q

-genesis

A

Formation

238
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

is the process in which spermatozoa are produced from male primordial germ cells by way of mitosis and meiosis.

239
Q

-one

A

Hormone

240
Q

Testosterone

A

The male sexual hormone

241
Q

-pexy

A

Fixation, put in place

242
Q

Orchiopexy

A

is a surgery to move an undescended testicle into the scrotum and permanently fix it there

243
Q

-stomy

A

New opening

244
Q

Vasovasostomy

A

is a surgery by which vasectomies are partially reversed.

245
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord

246
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland

247
Q

Carcinoma of the prostate

A

Malignant tumor of the prostate gland

248
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

249
Q

Phimosis

A

Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

250
Q

Chlamydial infection

A

Bacterial invasion of the urethra and reproductive tract

251
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci.

252
Q

Herpes genitalis

A

Infection of the skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex

253
Q

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV)

A

Infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region

254
Q

Syphilis

A

Chronic STD caused by a spirochete, spiral shaped bacteria

255
Q

PSA test

A

Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen in the blood

256
Q

Semen analysis

A

Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

257
Q

Castration

A

Surgical excision of testicles

258
Q

Circumcision

A

Surgical procedure to remove the foreskin of the penis

259
Q

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

Finger palpating through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

260
Q

Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (Greenlight PVP)

A

Removal of the tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia using a green light laser

261
Q

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

Excision of the benign hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra

262
Q

BPH

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

263
Q

DRE

A

Digital rectal examine

264
Q

ED

A

Erectile examine

265
Q

GU

A

Genitourinary

266
Q

HPV

A

Human papilloma virus

267
Q

NSU

A

Non specific urethritis

268
Q

PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

269
Q

PIN

A

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, precursor to prostate cancer

270
Q

PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen

271
Q

PVP

A

Photoselective vaporization of the prostate

272
Q

RPR

A

Rapid plasma regain, test for syphilis

273
Q

STD

A

Sexually transmitted disease

274
Q

STI

A

Sexually transmitted infection

275
Q

TRUS

A

Transcretal ultrasound, test to asses the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy

276
Q

TUIP

A

Transurethral incision of the prostate to reduce an enlarged prostate

277
Q

TUMT

A

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy

278
Q

TUNA

A

Transurethral needle ablation, radio frequency energy destroys prostate tissue

279
Q

TURP

A

Transurethral resection go the prostate

Chapter 7 & 8 (1 decks)

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