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urinary system > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Which is darker outer cortex or medulla?

A

Outer cortex is darker because of increased blood profusion

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2
Q

Inner surface of kidney folded into projections called

A

pyramids

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3
Q

The pyramids of the kidneys empty into the

A

renal pelvis

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4
Q

Brings urine from formation sites in the cortex to the pyramids

A

collecting tubules

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5
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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6
Q

vertical indentation on the medial surface of the kidney where the renal vessels and the ureter enter and exit

A

hilum

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7
Q

most posterior and superior structure of kidney

A

renal artery

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8
Q

two branches of this are superior to renal artery

A

renal vein

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9
Q

renal fascia, layer of connective tissue encapsulating the kidneys. AKA:

A

Gerota fascia

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10
Q

layer of this covers the renal capsule

A

perinephrotic fat

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11
Q

below the renal fascia

A

renal capsule

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12
Q

anterior to the right kidney

A

morison’s pouch

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13
Q

renal pelvis

A

upper expanded end of the ureter. Divideds into calyces

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14
Q

Major calyx

A

divides into minor calyces

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15
Q

Renal papilla

A

Apex of medullary pyramid. Indents each minor calyx

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16
Q

Apices converge toward the

A

renal sinus

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17
Q

Nephron has two main structures

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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18
Q

Function of nephron

A

filter blood and produce urine

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19
Q

Blood is filtered in the

A

renal corpuscle

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20
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

network of capillaries

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21
Q

Network of capillaries

A

glomerulus

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22
Q

cuplike structure surrounding renal corpuscle

A

bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

bloodflow INTO the glomerulus

A

afferent arterioles

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24
Q

bloodflow AWAY from the glomerulus

A

efferent arterioles

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25
Q

second set of capillaries that efferent arterioles conduct blood to which surround the renal tubule

A

peritubular capillaries

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26
Q

filtrate passes into the renal tubule through an opening in the bottom of the

A

Bowman’s capsule

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27
Q

first part of the renal tubule is the coiled

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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28
Q

After passing through the proximal convoluted tubule, filtrate flows through the

A

loop of Henle

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29
Q

The most distant part that filtrate passes through after the loop of hence is called

A

distal convoluted tubule

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30
Q

structure that helps regulate blood pressure in the kidney

A

juxtaglomular aparatus

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31
Q

Enters the pelvis by crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery anterior to the sacroiliac joint

A

ureter

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32
Q

Courses along the lateral wall of the pelvis

A

ureter

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33
Q

enters the bladder at a lateral angle

A

ureter

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34
Q

has anterior opening for the urethra

A

bladder

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35
Q

vascular supply to the kidney is through the

A

main renal artery

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36
Q

follow the renal artery to the lateral aortic lymph nodes near the origin of the renal artery

A

lymphatic vessels

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37
Q

originate in the renal plexus. distributed along branches of renal vessels

A

nerves

38
Q

located in retroperitoneum

A

urinary system

39
Q

remove waste from blood and produce urine

A

kidneys

40
Q

act as tubal ductsleading from the hilus of the kidneys and drain into the bladder

A

ureters

41
Q

collects and stores urine

A

bladder

42
Q

urine dishcarged through

A

urethra

43
Q

first aspect of urine filtration. Filters blood from wastes. Blood plasma fills into the glomerular capsule

A

glomerular filtration

44
Q

filtered blood from renal tubules back into blood

A

tubular reabsorption

45
Q

what is secreted from the urine. makes up urine

A

tubular secretion

46
Q

process of separating and removing substances harmful to the body

A

excretion

47
Q

amino group converted to

A

ammonia

48
Q

ammonia converted to

A

urea

49
Q

formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids

A

uric acid

50
Q

nitrogenous waste produced from phosphocreatine in the muscles

A

creatinine

51
Q

renal parenchyma surrounds the__________, which contains the calyces, infundibula, pelvis, vessels, and lymphatics

A

fatty central renal sinus

52
Q

bands of cortical tissue that extend inward to the renal sinus and separate the renal parenchyma (between pyramids)

A

columns of bertin

53
Q

prominant invaginations of the cortex at varying depths within the medullary substance of the kidneys. More exaggerated in patients with complete or partial duplication

A

columns of bertin

54
Q

Bulge of cortical tissue that can occur on the lateral border of kidney. May resemble a neoplasm. Shape of kidney may be affected by spleen.

A

Dromedary hump

55
Q

triangular, echogenic area typically located anterior aspect of the upper pole of the right kidney. Result of partial fusion of the renunculi

A

junctional parenchymal defect

56
Q

renunculi

A

embryonic kidney

57
Q

surfaces of kidneys are indented in between calyces giving kidneys a lobulated appearance.

A

Fetal lobulation

58
Q

Deposit of a moderate amount of fat in renal sinus with parenchymal atrophy

A

sinus lipomatosis

59
Q

Lies outside the renal sinus. Appears as cystic collection to the renal hilum. Sometimes mistaken as hydorureter

A

extrarenal pelvis

60
Q

Smooth, thin, well-defined border. Round or oval shape. Anechoic

A

Cystic mass

61
Q

Irregular borders. Poorly defined interface between mass and kidney. Low-level internal echoes. Weak posterior border. Poor through transmission

A

solid mass

62
Q

shows characteristics associated with both cystic and solid lesions

A

complex mass

63
Q

used to determine the appropriate work up for cystic mass

A

Bosniak classification

64
Q

Ureteral narrowing is a common form.

A

stricture

65
Q

cystlike enlargements at lower end of ureter

A

ureterocele

66
Q

Flank pain, hematuria, proteinuria, WBCs in urine

A

Inflammatory or necrotic cysts

67
Q

hematuria, hematocrit

A

renal subscapular hematoma

68
Q

abscess, acute onset of symptoms, fever, palpable mass, increased WBC count, pyuria

A

renal inflammatory proccesses

69
Q

fever, flank pain, pyuria, elevated BUN, elevated albumin, increased total plasma proteins

A

acute focal bacterial nephritis

70
Q

mod to severe intermittent flank pain, vomitting, hematuria, infection, leukocytosis with infection

A

acute tubular necrosis

71
Q

increased concentration of urea in blood, high urine protein excretion, elevated creating, presence of granulocytes

A

chronic renal failure

72
Q

erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, RBCs in urine, pyuria, increased lactic acid and hehydrogenase

A

renal cell carcinoma

73
Q

associated with cyst in the liver, panc and spleen

A

ADPKD

74
Q

usually occurs in fourth or fifth decade, by age 60 around 50% have end stage renal disease

A

ADPKD

75
Q

Medullary cyctic Disease consists of cystic dilation of the distal collecting ducs or

A

Ducts of Bellini

76
Q

calcificaitons in renal mass are ____ sign of malignancy

A

always

77
Q

renal call carcinoma aslo called hypernephroma or

A

grawitz tumor

78
Q

Most common childhood nephroblastoma

A

wilms tumor

79
Q

two kinds of benign renal tumors

A

adenomas and oncocytomas

80
Q

most common benign renal tumor

A

renal angiomyolipoma

81
Q

can be seen as a nephrogenic adenofibroma or an embryonic adenoma

A

renal adenomatous tumor

82
Q

common medical condition caused by a variety of diseases

A

acute renal failure

83
Q

may be caused by obstructive nephropathies, parenchymal diseases, renovascular disorders, or any process that progressivly destroys nephrons

A

chronic renal failure

84
Q

may occure in pre renal, renal or post renal stages

A

ARF

85
Q

occurs when pus is found within the collecting renal system

A

pyonephrosis

86
Q

most common abd mass

A

multi cystic dsplasia kidney

87
Q

most common neonatal adrenal mass

A

adrenal hemmorhage

88
Q

most common childhood/infant adrenal mass

A

neuroblastoma

89
Q

most common neonatal renal mass

A

multicystic dysplasia kidney

90
Q

most common childhood renal mass

A

wilms tumor

urinary system (1 decks)

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