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Jason's Renal Block > Urinary Tract Infections > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Acute cystitis is?

A

infection of bladder

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2
Q

pyelonephritis

A

ascending infection of kidney

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3
Q

what is sterile pyuria?

A

pus in urine without bacterial growth

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4
Q

asymptomatic bacteriuria?

A

bacteria in urine without symptoms

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5
Q

where in the urinary tract should it be sterile?

A

bladder, ureter, kidneys

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6
Q

which bacterial species accounts for 80% of community vs. hospital acquired UTIs?

A

80% v. 40%

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7
Q

Proteus species are gram what?

A

-ve rods

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8
Q

What is a common gram +ve UTI agent?

A

staph saprophyticus

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9
Q

polyomaviruses for UTIs are only applicable to what population?

A

immunocompromised

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10
Q

adenovirus may cause what in UTIs?

A

haemorrhagic cystitis

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11
Q

hantavirus may cause what?

A

renal disease

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12
Q

most common mode of contamination for UTIs?

A

from perineum and of gut origin

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13
Q

Salmonella typhi causing UTIs how?

A

in septicaemic phase, can shed and fix into different organs and into urine

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14
Q

where is the reservoir for S. Typhi in humans?

A

gall bladder

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15
Q

3 organisms that cause UTI and spread through blood

A

staph aureus
salmonella Typhi
TB

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16
Q

Innate immunity of the UT include what 4 things?

A

Transitional epithelium
Resistant architecture
urine
constant flushing

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17
Q

4 normal host factors that promote UTIs

A

short urethra in females
coitus
colonisation of distal urethra
no circumcision in infant boys only

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18
Q

2 abnormal host factors promoting UTIs

A
  1. incomplete bladder emptying (neuro or structural)

2. catheterisation

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19
Q

what is vesico-ureteric reflux?

A

ureter entering bladder spincter doesn’t contract when bladder contracts during voiding and can cause pyelonephritis

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20
Q

What is siderophores?

A

iron acquisition: can suck iron from transferrin and bacteria uses it

21
Q

adhesins used in UTIs by bacteria? 2 most common:

A

type 1 fimbriae

PAP pili both E.coli

22
Q

E.coli Hly secretes what associated with kidney damage?

A

Haemolysin

23
Q

Urease in which bacteria? what does it do?

A

Proteus uses it to make struvite stones (ammonia)

24
Q

E.coli and Klebsiella have what kind of capsule? polysaccharide or protein?

A

polysaccharide

25
Q

E.coli uses PAP pili where? uses type 1 fimbriae where?

A

kidneys

Bladder

26
Q

can one distinguish between upper and lower UTI?

A

no not easily

27
Q

clinical symptoms of UTI?

A

burning with urination
fever, chills
tenderness with kidney/bladder

28
Q

when use radiology for UTI?

A

detect structural/functional abnormality

29
Q

What is suprapubic aspirate? significance of culture?

A

urine sample directly through abdomen into bladder, ANY bug is significant

30
Q

when use bag sample for UTI? useful?

A

in babies

not really useful, only if it’s negative

31
Q

how to collect urine per urethra?

A

MSU

midstream urine

32
Q

where to collect urine from catheter?

A

junction b/n catheter and collection tube

33
Q

Why get urine to lab ASAP?

A

bacteria will replicate and double every 30 minutes and get skewed result

34
Q

What is a normal squamous epithelial cell count in urine?

A

ZERO. if there is = poorly collected sample

35
Q

WBC in urine: normal vs. abnormal?

A

N= 10^5

36
Q

RBC in urine: normal vs. abnormal?

A

N= 10^5

37
Q

quantitative bacteria in urine: normal vs. abnormal especially??

A

N=10^5 especially if only one species

38
Q

abnormal bacterial from catheter urine is more than?

A

> 10^2

39
Q

How long can you keep urine refrigerated?

A

18 hours

40
Q

What is sterile pyuria?

A

no growth but WBCs >10^5

41
Q

3 causes of sterile pyuria

A

non-infectious eg. tumour
partial treatment
hard to grow bacteria eg. TB

42
Q

3 drugs choices for cystitis treatment? how long?

A

cephalexin
co-amoxyclav
trimethoprim
5 days

43
Q

what should you do if <2yr. old UTI?

A

Urinary tract abnormality check

44
Q

3 drugs choices for pyelonephritis treatment? how long?

A

cephalexin
co-amoxyclav
trimethoprim
10 days

45
Q

severe pyelonephritis use what antibiotics?

A

amoxycilllin + gentamicin

46
Q

when is asymptomatic bacteriuria significant?

A

pregnancy: causes premature labour

47
Q

what is considered time wise: recurrent UTI in women?

A

> 2UTIs in 6 months

48
Q

management of recurrent UTI in women? 2 main ones.

A

postcoital voiding

antimicrobial prophylaxis

Jason's Renal Block (20 decks)

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