USA: Chapter 1 - Reconstruction 1865-1877

Question 1

Civil Rights Bill - 1866

Answer 1

Introduced by Republicans to give minimum rights to blacks

Question 2

14th Amendment

Answer 2

Aimed to give all African Americans US membership and full rights in law, those naturalised in US are deemed US citizens

Question 3

Radical Reconstruction

Answer 3

Measures congress resorted to to speed up reconstruction because they were facinbf opposition from Johnson who was too lenient

Question 4

Military Reconstruction Bill 1867

Answer 4

Imposed military rule in the south

Question 5

Command of the Army act

Answer 5

Limited johnsons military powers

Question 6

The black codes 1965-66

Answer 6

Discrimination against blacks in south, limiy their powers, can be forced into labour and deprived of education

Question 7

15th Amendment 1869

Answer 7

Right to vote

Question 8

Whiskey ring scandal 1875

Answer 8

Grants secretary involved in a conspiracy against the government ti defraud it of millions in liquor tax revenue, grant helped him

Question 9

Colfax Massacre 1873

Answer 9

Angry democrats in the south cliolled 150 black men - in the wake of the contested 1972 election

Question 10

Jim crow laws

Answer 10

Segregation in southern states, separate but equal facilites

Question 11

Ku klux klan and the white league

Answer 11

Extremist groups campaigning in favour of whie supremacy; lynching and beating African Americans

Question 12

First Transcontinental Railroad 1868

Answer 12

Industrial growth; expansionism; work generated

Question 13

Depression of 1873

Answer 13

American banking system collapsed cos small banks were dependent on big banks who invested unwisely

New york stock exchange closed for ten days

Factories closed, 1 in 4 labours unemployed in winter of 1873-74

Question 14

Rapid urbanisation

Answer 14

Chicago had 30,000 inhabitants in 1850 and over 1 million by 1890

Question 15

Subsistance farming v agribusinesses

Answer 15

Farmers trying to feed themselves, heavily in debt; big businesses harvesting vast amounts of crops using machinery

Question 16

Price drop in 80s

Answer 16

A bushel of wheat cost $1.45 in 1866 and $0.76 cents 3 years later

Question 17

Mormons

Answer 17

Tried to escape persecution to the west

Question 18

Manifest destiny

Answer 18

Divine right that americans can own the land, also a racial doctrine of white supremacy

Question 19

Federal territories in the west

Answer 19

When population reached 60,000 they could apply to become a state

Question 20

The Homestead Act 1862

Answer 20

Government released 160 acre plot land to farmers for free so they farm the land for five years

Question 21

Timber and Culture Act 1873

Answer 21

Extension of homestead act that gave settlers an additional 160 acres on the condition that they were planted with trees

Question 22

Bonzana farms

Answer 22

Large farms performing large scale wheat production

Question 23

Second gold rush

Answer 23

Into the Black Hills of Dakota

Question 24

Nomadic tribes

Answer 24

Buffallo lifestyle, roam the plains freely

Question 25

The Great Sioux War 1876

Answer 25

Native Americans moved out of Black hills of Dakota when gold prospectors entered their territory. US offered $6 million but they refused so military forced them out.

Question 26

Reservations

Answer 26

Attempt to americanise them, educate, convert to christianity

Question 27

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 27

US wanted to avoid being involved in European affairs, but the other countries cant make attempts at colonisation otherwise this would be unfriendly

Question 28

Midway Island 1867

Answer 28

US acquired uninhabited island to claim supplies of guano to be used in manufacturing fertiliser and gunpowder.

Question 29

Burlingame Treaty 1868

Answer 29

Signed to promote trade with China to endorse free movement of people; stimulate workers for railroads

Question 30

Dominican Republic 1869

Answer 30

Offered itself for colonisation but US refused cos they saw them as savages, which may one day reduce the influence of traditional white American states cos they will infiltrate them

Question 31

Alaska purchased from Russia for $7.8 million

Answer 31

“Ice box”; expand US influence; maintain good relations with russia

Question 32

Britain and Canada supported confederacy during the war

Answer 32

Strained relations. US wanted $2 billion compensation or ceding of canada but it became independed.

US allowed fenian raids across the border to canada from 1866 -71.

Britain agreed to pay $15.5 million for damage to US fleet during the war