Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urogenital System > Uterine Fibroids > Flashcards

Uterine Fibroids Flashcards

1
Q

Define Uterine fibroids

A

Noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uterine Fibroids are derived from what layer

A

Myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the morphology of Uterine Fibroids

A

Well circumscribed nodules

Dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the capsule that surrounds Uterine Fibroids

A

Thin pseudocapsule of areolar tissue and compressed muscle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the colour of the cut surface of a Fibroid

A

White - Tan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the smooth muscle cells of Fibroids

A

Whorled anastomosing fascicles of uniform spindle shaped smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the nuclei of cells in fibroids

A

Nuclei are elongated and have finely dispersed chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many mitotic features per 10 high power fields are seen in fibroid histology

A

Less than 5 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the aetiology of uterine fibroids

A

Strong inherited components to fibroid development (tumour specific chromosomal abnormalities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which factors promote Tumor growth

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
Growth Factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List some factors that increase the risk of developing uterine fibroids

A 
Early Menarche
Age
Diet
Obesity
Racial differences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List factors that decrease the risk of uterine fibroid development

A

Smoking
Oral contraceptives
High parity
Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four classifications of uterine fibroids

A 
PALM
Polyp
Adenomyosis
Leiomyoma
Malignancy and hyperplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two sub classifications of Leiomyoma uterine fibroids

A

Submucosal

Other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What percentage of uterine fibroids are subserous

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage of uterine fibroids are submucosus

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percentage of uterine fibroids are intramural

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common solid pelvic tumor in women

A

Uterine fibroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Uterine fibroids causes symptoms in what percentage of reproductive age women

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the prevalence of Uterine Fibroids in black women

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The average affect uterus presents with how many fibroids

A

6-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Uterine Fibroids are usually detected in women in what age

A

30’s and 40’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False Uterine Fibroids shrink after menopause

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Are most Uterine Fibroids symptomatic or asymptomatic

A

Asymptomatic

25
Q

List 6 clinical presentations of uterine fibroids

A 
Abdominal Mass
Pelvic pain
Compression Symptoms 
Persistent discharge
Abnormal Uterine bleeding
Reproductive Dysfunction
26
Q

List examples of pelvic pain associated with Uterine Fibroids

A 
Secondary dysmenorrhea 
Degeneration
Acute Abdominal pain
Pressure on nerves
Dysparunea (if vaginal protrusion)
27
Q

List seven examples of compressive symptoms of Uterine Fibo

A
  • Pelvic Heaviness and pressure
  • (an anterior UL-) compresses the urinary bladder
  • compress ureter leading to kidney dysfunction
  • constipation
  • bowel Obstruction
  • lower limb oedema
  • varicosities
28
Q

List three examples of abnormal uterine bleeds

A

Menorrhagia
Cyclical bleeding excessive in amount and duration
80mls per cycle

29
Q

What causes menorrhagia in Uterine Fibroids

A

Ulceration and Haemorrhage of endometrium overlying submucous fibroids

Inability of the musculature to contract the spiral arteries

Enlargement of total surface area of endometrium due to mechanical distortion

Mechanical compression of venous drainage leading to dilation of a venous plexus draining the endometrium

30
Q

What are five reasons that uterine fibroids can cause reproductive dysfunction

A

Fibroid may cause compression on the fallopian tubes
A large fibroid may distort the pelvic anatomy
Acts as a mechanical barrier to implantation
Causes an alteration or reduction of blood flow to the uterine lining making it more difficult for an implanted embryo to grow and develop
Submucosal fibroids may act as a foreign body and results in an inflammatory reaction creating a hostile environment for an embryo the implant

31
Q

What are the different options for imaging used to investigate uterine fibroids

A 
Ultrasound
Saline infusion sonogram
Hysterosalpingogram
MRI
Laparoscopy
Hysteroscopy
32
Q

What are the seven factors that affect the management of uterine fibroids

A 
Age
Parity
Pregnant status
Desire for future fertility
General health
Symptoms 
Location
33
Q

True or false a small asymptomatic uterine fibroids in a pt near menopause still needs treatment

A

False

34
Q

List for types of medical management of uterine fibroids

A 
NSAIDS
OCP
Progesterone 
Merina levonogestrel IUD
Leuprolide
SPRM Ulipristal Acetate
35
Q

How do NSAIDS help Uterine Fibroids

A

Pain relief

Limits prostaglandin production (hence bleeding)

36
Q

How does Progesterone help Uterine Fibroids

A

Thins the endometium

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of leuprolide

A

GNRH gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist

38
Q

How does leuprolide aid in the uterine fibrosis management

A

It reduces the size of the fibroids

39
Q

A monthly six month treatment of the fibroid with Leuprolide reduces the volume of the fibroid by what percent

A

30%

40
Q

What is the dosage and route of administration of leuprolide in treatment for uterine fibrosis

A

3.75 mg Intramuscular monthly

41
Q

How does Leuprolide affect the menorrhagia symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

A

Decreases bleeding

Uterine Volume and menses return in 4-8 weeks

42
Q

How does SPRM Ulipristal acetate aid in uterine fibroids management

A

Reduces the fibroid volume by 25% if treatment maintained for six months
Direct effect on endometrium control

43
Q

List to non-surgical, non pharmaceutical procedures for management of uterine fibroids

A

Uterine artery embolization

MRI focused ultrasound

44
Q

What percentage of patients are clinically improved after one year of treatments with uterine artery embolization

A

80% to 90%

45
Q

Uterine artery embolization uses what chemical

A

Polyvinyl alcohol or

Endospheres

46
Q

List some complications of uterine artery embolization

A

Bleeding/ haematoma
Allergic reaction
Ischaemic
Infection

47
Q

Describe how MRI Focused ultrasound is used to treat UterineFibroids

A

MRI for visibility
Focused ultrasound energy
Raises the temperature to about 85 Celsius high enough causing thermal ablation, sparing normal tissue

48
Q

List two complications of MRI Focused Ultrasound

A

Skin burns

Sciatica

49
Q

List five Uterine sparing/preserve fertility treatments for Uterine Fibroids

A 
Open myomectomy
Vaginal Myomectomy
Laparoscopic myomectomy
Robotic Surgery
Hysteroscopic resection
50
Q

Which methods are used to reduce blood loss in Myomectomy

A 
Uterine Ligation 
Uterine Artery Embolization
Pericervical Mechanical Tourniquet 
Hormonal Tourniquet (Vasopressin)
Uterotonics
Laser& chemical dissectors
Bonney Myomectomy Clamp
51
Q

List three examples of Uterotonics used to reduce blood loss in open myomectomy

A

Ergometrine

Oxytocin/Duratocin

Prostaglandins: Misoprostol, Sulprostone

52
Q

What technique/instrument is used to do preoperative inspection of Uterine Fibroids

A

Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

53
Q

What are the steps for preoperative assessment for Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

A

Degree of penetration into the cavity

The amount of normal myometrium between the area of resection and the serosa

Dilate cervix +/- misoprostol

Resect with electrical loop or mechanically

Visual control with telescope

Distension medium

54
Q

What are five advantages of Laparoscopic Myomectomy over open laparotomy

A 
Faster recovery
Shorter hospital stay
Diminished blood loss
Decreased Adhesion formation 
Comparable higher rate of pregnancy
55
Q

What are four advantages of robotic myomectomy over laparoscopic Myomectomy

A

High definition 3-D image

Robotic hands broad range of movement to enhance surgeons dexterity

Increased ability to delicately remove fibroids and reconstruct uterine wall

Preserving fertility

56
Q

How long are you recommended to wait before pregnancy after Myomectomy

A

12 weeks

MRI after Myomectomy suggests uterine healing takes 12 weeks or longer

57
Q

What are some complications of Myomectomy

A 
Hysterectomy
Blood transfusions 
Fever
Infection
Intrauterine Adhesion 
Peritoneal adhesion
Ileus
Bowel Obstruction 
Need for caesarean delivery
Possible uterine rupture in labour
58
Q

List four types of Non Uterine Sparing/ Tadical Therapy for Uterine Fibroid treatment

A

Total abdominal hysterectomy
Vaginal hysterectomy
TLH
Robotic Hysterectomy

59
Q

List 5 surgical supportive measures for Uterine Fibroid Treatment

A 
Pap smear 
Endometrial Sampling
Correct Hb prior to surgery
Bowel prep
Prophylactic heparin

Urogenital System (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions