Utilitarianism Flashcards
How does one develop rules utilizing Kantian thought?
Through “practical reasoning”.
According to Kant, what type of imperative applies to everyone, all of the time?
“You must always do y, there is no x”.
Categorical Imperatives
According to Kant, what type of imperative applies conditionally based on the situation?
“If you want x, then do y”
Hypothetical Imperative
What is the fundamental idea about humanity that Kant communicates through his imperatives?
People are inherently valuable - never manipulate a person to achieve a goal.
Never treat a person as a “means” but as an “end”.
Which code condemned Nazis guilty of research-motivated abuse of people?
The Nuremburg Code
Kant’s theories lack an emphasis on what?
Love
Name the two types of Consequentialism focused on during this course. What is the focus of each?
Ethical Egoism - Focuses on self
Utilitarianism - Focuses on group
What are two words (principles) that can describe “good” for various Utilitarians?
- Utility
- Happiness
Who founded the ethical theory of Utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
Who was a “Rule Utilitarian” and promoted the higher pleasures?
John Stuart Mill
What is the distinct difference between Rule and Act Utilitarianism?
Rule - Consequences of having everyone follow a particular rule
Act - Consequences of each individual act
Who’s ethical theory focuses on authoritative moral law, absolute necessity, using reason to determine maxims, and believes in “exceptionless moral rules”?
What is the name of his ethical theory?
Immanuel Kant
Kantianism
