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Congenital Defects & Pediatrics COPY > Vascular Embryology: Topic 7 > Flashcards

Vascular Embryology: Topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular development occurs by what two mechanisms?

A

Vasculogenesis

Angiogenesis

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2
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

Coalescence of angioblasts

i.e. Major vessels such as the dorsal aorta and cardinal veins

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3
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Vessels sprout from existing vessels

I.e. remainder of vascular system

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4
Q

What leads to enlargement of some vessels while other vessels are obliterated?

A

Preferential flow related to the development of organs

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5
Q

How does enlargement of vessels occur?

A

By way of fusion with smaller vessels and partly by enlargement of individual capillary beds

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6
Q

What are the major arterial conduits in the early embryo?

A

Dorsal aortas

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7
Q

What is simply a continuation of the endocardial tubes?

A

Dorsal aortas

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8
Q

Where do dorsal aortas arise from?

A

Aortic sac (distal most part of the truncus arteriosus)

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9
Q

What establishes the first pair of aortic arches?

A

Because of the changing position of the developing heart tube and pericardium, the cranial portions of the dorsal aortas come to describe an arc on both sides of the foregut

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10
Q

How many pairs of aortic arches are present at some point during development?

A

6 pairs

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11
Q

What is the only transient aortic arch?

A

5th aortic arch

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12
Q

What is notable about the 5th aortic arch?

A

It never forms or forms incompletely and regresses

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13
Q

How are the aortic arches numbered?

A

I, II, III, IV, VI

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14
Q

What happens to the arches as they develop?

A

Some become modified and others regress

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15
Q

At day 27, the aortic arch I has largely disappeared. Part of it remains and becomes what?

A

Maxillary Artery

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16
Q

Remnant of Arch II becomes what?

A

Stapedial Artery

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17
Q

Aortic arches IV and VI are being formed as what?

A

Ventral and dorsal sprouts

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18
Q

What does Arch III form?

A

Common carotid artery and first part of the internal carotid artery

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19
Q

What does Arch IV become?

A

Left Arch IV

Right Arch IV

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20
Q

Left Arch IV

A

part of the aortic arch between LCC and L. Subclavian

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21
Q

Right Arch IV

A

Proximal R. Subclavian

22
Q

Aortic Sac becomes…

A

Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic Artery

23
Q

First Arches become…

A

Maxillary Artery (portion)

24
Q

Second Arches become…

A

Stapedial Artery (portion)

25
Q

Third Arches become…

A

Carotid Arteries

26
Q

Fourth Arches become….

A

Right-Proximal Right Subclavian Artery

Left- Aortic arch segment between left carotid and left subclavian artery

27
Q

Fifth Arches become…

A

Transient and never well-developed

28
Q

Sixth ARches become

A

Right- Proximal (proximal R pulmonary arterY)/Distal (distal portion disappears)
Left-Proximal(proximal left pulmonary artery) / Distal (ductus arteriosus)

29
Q

Right Dorsal Aorta becomes…

A

portion becomes the right subclavian

30
Q

Left Dorsal Aorta becomes…

A

Distal aortic arch and descending aorta

31
Q

Right Intersegmental Artery becomes…

A

part of right subclavian artery

32
Q

Left Intersegmental Artery becomes….

A

left subclavian artery

33
Q

What is the major point of entry into the common atria?

A

Sinus venosus

34
Q

Sinus venosus remains paired until the embryo is how many mm, even after the endocardial tubes fuse?

A

4 mm

35
Q

In a 4mm embryo, there is a distinguishable …… (3)

A

Central (unpaired) portion
Transverse portion
Right and left sinus horns

36
Q

Mid 4th week, the sinus venosus receives blood form where?

A

Right and left sinus horns

37
Q

Each horn receives blood from what 3 veins?

A

Vitelline vein
Umbilical vein
Common Cardinal Vein

38
Q

AT what week does the obliteration of the right umbilical vein and left vitelline vein occur?

A

Occurs 5th week

39
Q

At what week does the left common cardinal vein become obliterated?

A

Week 10

40
Q

What is the entrance to the common atrium called?

A

Sinuatrial orifice

41
Q

Sinuatrial orifice is flanked on each side by what?

A

Valvular folds

42
Q

Sinus venosus receives 3 pairs of veins called wha/

A

Vitelline veins
Umbilical veins
Common cardinal veins

43
Q

Vitelline veins

A

carry blood from the yolk sac to the sinus venosus; enter the sinus venosus

44
Q

Umbilical veins

A

originate in the chorionic villi and carry oxygenated blood to the embryo; enters the sinus venosus lateral to the vitelline veins

45
Q

Common cardinal veins

A

drain the body of the embryo

46
Q

In the primitive heart (tube), the left and right sinus horns drain into what?

A

Central sinoatrial orifice

47
Q

Vitelline veins give rise to what veins?

A

Hepatic veins

48
Q

Umbilical venous system persists as what in the term fetus?

A

Umbilical vein

49
Q

Cardinal venous system

A

enter the sinus venosus lateral/superior to the umbilical veins, forms a large complex network of veins throughout the body

50
Q

Subcardinohepatic anastomosis was once…

A

Right umbilical vein

51
Q

What will eventually become the coronary sinus?

A

Left sinus horn

Congenital Defects & Pediatrics COPY (19 decks)

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