vascular ultrasound

Question 1

what information does an ultrasound provide

Answer 1

qualitative data
quantitative data
dynamic assessment in real time
B mode image of anatomy.

Question 2

different types of ultrasound machines

Answer 2

static ultrasound
portable ultrasound
handheld device

Question 3

types of transducers

Answer 3

linear, curvilinear, phased array

Question 4

how is ultrasound produced

Answer 4

PZE crystals, pulse-echo principle, resonates ata certain resonate frequency, this frequency of the pulse emitted determines the resolution and depth of the pulse.

Question 5

ultrasound image production

Answer 5

the returning echo is portrayed as a level of brightness depending on the returning strength of the amplitude. the strength of the returning echo is dependent on a process called attenuation. attenuation reduces the strength of the returning echo within the ultrasound beam. A pixel-by-pixel image is formed in real time.

Question 6

B-mode image representation

Answer 6

anotomical position of vessel, detail of vessel wall, lumen

Question 7

colour doppler

Answer 7

a colour-encoded map of doppler information, superimposed on a real-time B-mode image. qualitative information.

Question 8

information provided by colour doppler

Answer 8

maps the course of the vessel. demonstrates vessel patency. identify areas of flow disturbance, and identify stenotic segments.
red- towards transducer
blue-away from transducer
mixed colours- high turbulent flow.

Question 9

spectral doppler

Answer 9

quantitative measurement, spectral display of the frequencies of the blood flow within the vessel.

Question 10

spectral display

Answer 10

shows the distribution of doppler frequencies. the amplitude of the doppler frequencies is represented by pixel brightness.

Question 11

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 11

bigger than 30mm, measured from inner to inner. surgery if its bigger than 55mm, CT/mria prior to surgery.

Question 12

lower limb arterial disease

Answer 12

Ankle Brachial Pressure index reduced. calf claudication, absent pulse, lower limb schema, lower limb ulceration, discolouration of toe, unsuitable for angiography,

Question 13

deep vein thrombosis

Answer 13

a blood clot within the deep vessels of the lower limb, damage to the valves during a thrombosis even can cause hypertension and ulcers. Ultrasound has replaced x ray for this. MRI used when access is difficult but is expensive.

Question 14

reflux

Answer 14

backflow of blood through a venous valve.