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NB 1 Neuroscience COPY > Ventricles, CSF, Sinuses > Flashcards

Ventricles, CSF, Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

what ventricular space is associated with the telencephalon?

A

lateral ventricles

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2
Q

what ventricular space is associated with the diencephalon?

A

third ventricle

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3
Q

what ventricular space is associated with the mesencephalon?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

what ventricular space is associated with the metencephalon?

A

fourth ventricle

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5
Q

what ventricular space is associated with the myelencephalon?

A

fourth ventricle

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6
Q

describe the anterior (frontal) horn of the lateral ventricle

A

located in the frontal lobe, anterior to the foramen of Monro

  • anterior wall and roof: corpus callosum
  • medial wall: septum pellucidum
  • floor and lateral wall: head of caudate nucleus
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7
Q

describe the body (corpus) of the lateral ventricle

A

located in the frontal and parietal lobes (posterior to foramen of Monro) and extends posteriorly to the splenum of the corpus callosum

  • roof: corpus callosum
  • medial wall: septum pellucidum
  • floor: fornix, choroid plexus, dorsal thalamus, stria terminalis and inf. body of caudate nucleus
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8
Q

describe the posterior (occipital) horn of the lateral ventricle

A

located in the occipital lobe

  • roof: corpus callosum
  • medial wall: an eminence, tied to the calcarine fissure
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9
Q

describe the inferior (temporal) horn of the lateral ventricle

A

located in temporal lobe

  • roof: tail of caudate nucleus
  • floor: hippocampus
  • anterior wall: amygdala
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10
Q

describe the third ventricle

A

thin vertical cavity, occupying the midline between the diencephalic hemispheres

  • roof: choroid plexus and body of fornix
  • floor: basal hpoythalamic structures
  • lateral wall: thalami, hypothalami, subthalami
  • anterior wall: lamina terminalis
  • post. wall: epithalamus
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11
Q

describe the fourth ventricle

A

rhomboid cavity overlying the pons and rostral medulla and is connected to the third ventricle by the mesencephalic cerebral aqueduct, which is frequently involved in obstructive hydrocephalus

  • roof: medullary vela and choroid plexus
  • lateral boundaries of floor: sup. and inf. cerebellar peduncles
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12
Q

describe the contents of CSF

A
  • produced by choroid plexus, ependymal cells, astrocytes, pia and arachnoid vessels
  • ions are actively transported with passive movement of water
  • CSF is clear and low in glucose, protein, K, Ca
    • Na, Cl and Mg higher than in serum
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13
Q

name causes of hydrocephalus

A
  • obstructive (non-communicating)
    • pathogens and immune cells
    • congenital stenosis
    • tumors
  • communicating
    • normal pressure hydrocephalus
      • “wet, wacky, wobbly” triad
    • subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • hydrocephalus ex vacuo
      • Huntington’s disease
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14
Q

describe the normal flow of CSF through the ventricular system

A
  1. flow from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina (of Monro)
  2. from the third ventricle into the cerebral aqueduct
  3. from the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle
  4. very small amounts of CSF trickle between the fourth ventricle and the central canal
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15
Q

where does CSF go after it exits the fourth ventricle?

A
  • CSF exits the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the foramina of Luschka (lateral) and Magendie (medial)
  • extraventricular CSF follows the subarachnoid space
    • it returns to the venous system through small membranous villi, the arachnoid granulations, located along the superior sagittal sinus
    • the arachnoid villi react to pressure gradients between the subarachnoid space and venous system to form one-way valves, ensuring the unidirectional movement of fluid into the venous system
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16
Q

describe the drainage of the cerebral veins

A
  • the great anastomotic vein drains into the superior sagittal sinus
  • the small anastomotic vein drains into the transverse sinus
  • the short mindline great cerebral vein (of Galen) forms at the junction of the 2 internal cerebral veins and drains into the straight sinus
17
Q

describe the diploic veins

A
  • the diploic veins lie between layers of cranial bone
  • they anastomose freely with each other and also communicate with the meningeal veins internally and the superifical veins externally
18
Q

describe the emissary veins

A
  • the emissary veins connect extracranial with intracranial nerves
19
Q

describe the superior sagittal sinus

A
  • the superior sagittal sinus begins as a continuation of the nasal vein and receives blood from cerebral, diploic and emissary veins
20
Q

describe the inferior sagittal sinus

A
  • the inferior sagittal sinus receives blood from veins on the medial surface of the brain
21
Q

describe the straight sinus

A
  • the straight sinus occupies the area between the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
  • it is the posterior continuation of the great cerebral vein of Galen and joins the superior sagittal sinus to form the confluence of sinuses
22
Q

describe the small occipital sinus

A
  • the small occipital sinus begins near the foramen magnum and ascends in the attached margin of the falx cerebelli to end in the confluence of sinuses
  • it also receives the inferior cerebellar veins
23
Q

describe the transverse sinuses

A
  • the transverse sinuses receive blood from the superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus and drain into the internal jugular veins via the sigmoid sinuses
24
Q

describe the cavernous sinuses

A
  • cavernous sinuses are located lateral to the body of the sphenoid bone and receive blood from the superficial middle cerebral veins and superior ophthalmic veins
  • they communicate with each other via intercavernous sinuses as well as with the petrosal sinuses and the pterygoid plexus of veins
25
Q

describe the sigmoid sinuses

A
  • the sigmoid sinuses are continuation of the transverse sinuses
  • in their S-shaped course toward the jugular foramen, they receive blood from the inferior cerebrum, cerebellum, emissary veins
26
Q

contrast non-communicating (obstructive) vs communicating hydrocephalus

A
  • non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus
    • results from obstruction of interventricular foramina, cerebral aqueduct or the foramina of Luschka and Magendie
    • ineffectively drained ventricles enlarge
  • communicating
    • results from insufficient CSF absorption
    • enlargement of all ventricles occur
27
Q
A
28
Q
A

NB 1 Neuroscience COPY (17 decks)

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