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Mikro > Viruset > Flashcards

Viruset Flashcards

1
Q

Karakteristikat e viruseve

A

Parasite te detyruar brendaqelizore
Vetem ADN OSE ARN
mungese kapaciteti me prodhu energji,
Perdorij makineri sintetike ge host cell per replikim
Kane materiwl gjenetik por nuk kane enzima

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2
Q

Nukleokapsida

A

Pjesa e gjenomit se bashku me kapsiden

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3
Q

Viruset me mbeshtjelles transmetohen permes

A

Sperklave respiratore,lengje,gjak pasi qe mundet me u demtu nga veprimi i acideve dhe enizmave

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4
Q

VAP

A

Viral adhesive proteins -mundesojne lidhjen e viruseve per target cell
Vap qe lidhwt me RBC-Hemaglutinina
Neuraminidaza
** te gjithe RNA viruses negative stranded jane enveloped

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5
Q

Tegument

A

Hapesira ndemrjet nukleokapsides dhe mbeshgkellesit

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6
Q

Efekti citolitik

A

Mund te vie si rez i grumbullimit te proteinave apo strukturave virale
Trupat e Negrit-terbimi,Rhabdoviruset
Trupat intranuklear bazofilik -Citomegalovirusi,Adenovirusi
Trupat cowdry tipi A-Herples Simplex virusi,virusi fruthit
Trupar acidofilil intracitoplazmatik-Poxviruset

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7
Q

Mekanizmat antivirall

A

Veprimi i Inf-gama dhe limfocitet T
IgA jane barriere kunder infeksioneve
*** per dallim nga bakterer,pergjigja fillestare antivirale fillon me interferonet dhe citokinat- ne vend te inflamacionit,aktivizomit tr sistemit te komplementit ,neuteofileve etc

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8
Q

Viruse teratogjenik

A

Virusi Rubeoles
Citomegalovirusi
TORCHES (kalojne barrierwn placentare)
Toxoplasma
Rubella
Citomegalpvirus
Herpes viruset
Sifilisi

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9
Q

ADN VIRUSET

A

HHAPPP
Herpes
Hepadna
Adeno
Papova
Pox
Parvo

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10
Q

Adn viruset me mbeshtjelles

A

Herpes
Hepadna
Pox
HHP

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11
Q

Naked adn viruset

A

Papova
Parvo
Adeno
PAP

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12
Q

Papova

A

Papillomaviruser
JC Polyomavirus
BK polyomavirus

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13
Q

Si ndahen papillomaviruswr

A

HPV kutane dhe mukozale

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14
Q

Single strandee nga and viruset eshte

A

Parvo

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15
Q

Papillomavirusin kutan (lythat ) i shkakton

A

HPV-1 dhe HPV-4

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16
Q

Karakteristike e infeksionit nga HPV kutane

A

Koilocitet -keratinocite te zmadhuara

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17
Q

Kondiloma akuminata e shkaktom

A

HPV-6 dhe HPV-11

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18
Q

Papilloma laringeale e shkakton

A

HPV-6 HPV-11

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19
Q

HPV mukozale eshte dhe kushbe shkakton

A

Karcinoma cervikale e shkakton HPV-16 dhe HPV-18

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20
Q

HPV kutane janw

A

Lythat(HPV-1,4)
Kondiloma akuminata(HPV-6,11)
Papilloma laringeale(HPV-6,11)

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21
Q

Trajtimi lythave

A

CIDOFOVIRIT

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22
Q

Poliomaviruset me te njhur

A

JK
BK

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23
Q

Poliomavirusi BK shkakton

A

Stenozen ureterale
Cistit hemorragjik
Viruria

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24
Q

Poliomavirusi JK shkskton

A

PML
leukoencefalopatine multifokale progresive

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25
Q

Leukoencefalopatine multifokale progresive e shkakton

A

Poliomavirusi JK

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26
Q

Adenoviruset

A

Pa mbeshtjelles
Adn virus
Double stranded
Infekton qelizat respitwore,git,orofaringut

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27
Q

Adenoviruset shkaktojne

A

Childhood respiratory illness
Epidemic keratoconjuctivitis

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28
Q

Semundjen respiratore te femijeve e shkakton

A

Adenoviruset

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29
Q

Keratokonjukitvitin epidemik e shkakton

A

Adenoviruset

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30
Q

Herpes viruset

A

Adn virus
Double stranded
Enveloped
Bejne pjese;
HSV-1 dhe HSV-2
Virusi Varicela Zoster
Virusi Epstein Barr
Citomegalovirusi
HHV-6 ,HHV-7,HHV-8

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31
Q

Herpes simplex virus 1 dhe 2 (vendi i infeksionit ne aspektin histologjik karakgerizohet me

A

Trupa inkluziv acidofilik intranuklear COWDRY tip A

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32
Q

Oral herpes shkakton

A

HSV-1

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33
Q

Genital herpes shkakton

A

HSV-2

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34
Q

Diagnoza HSV

A

Njollat Tzanck

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35
Q

Njollat Tzanck jane karakteristike per virusetb

A

Herpw simplex viruset

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36
Q

Virusi varicela zoster shkakton

A

Lijen. Eujit

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37
Q

Per detektimin e virusit varicela zoster perdoret

A

Testi FAMA
Vaksina VZIG (preventive)

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38
Q

Parazit i limfociteve B eshge

A

Virusi Eisten Barr

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39
Q

Virusi Epstein Barr eshte pergjegjes per se,undjet

A

Hodgkin
Karcinoma nazofaringeale
Limfoma e Burkit

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40
Q

Anetar i gama herpes viruseve eshte

A

Virusi epstein barr

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41
Q

Mononukleozen infektive heterofile e shkakton

A

Virusi epstein barr

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42
Q

Triads e simptomave te mononukleozes infektive heterofile

A

Limfodenopati
Hepatosplenomegali
Faringit eksudativ

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43
Q

Si kissing disease njihet

A

Mononukleoza infektive heterofile

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44
Q

Cili tedt perdoret per mlnonukleozen infektive heterofile

A

Testi MONOSPOT

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45
Q

Anetar i beta herpeseve eshte

A

Citomegalovirusi

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46
Q

Sindromen. Emononukleozee heterofile negative. Eshkakton

A

Citomegalovirusi

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47
Q

Pergjgjee per deshtimin e shume transplamteve te veshkave eshte

A

Citomegalovirusi

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48
Q

Roseola dhe Ekzantemen subitum i shkakton

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS 6 dhe 7

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49
Q

human herpes virus 6 dhe 7 shaklton

A

Roseola
Ekzantemen subitum

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50
Q

Sindromen kaposi,semundjen Castleman e shkalton

A

Human herpves virusi 8

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51
Q

Poxviruset

A

Adn viruset me te medhenj
Per dsllim nga adn viruset e tjere qe replikhen ne berthsme,pox viruset replikohen ne citoplzame

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52
Q

Ne poxvirus bejne pjese

A

Lija(variola)-gjinia orthopoxviruset
Molucscum Contagiosum

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53
Q

Lijs / variolen e shakkton

A

Poxviruset

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54
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum e shkakron

A

Poxviruset

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55
Q

Adn viruset me te vegjel jane

A

Parvoviruset

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56
Q

Parvoviruset

A

Jane adn virus,naked,single stranded

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57
Q

Ne parvovirus bejne pjese

A

B19
Bocavirusi

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58
Q

Eritemen infektive e shkakton

A

B19(parvovirus)

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59
Q

B19 (parvovirusi shkakton)

A

Eritemen infeltive ose semundjen e peste

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60
Q

Bocavirusi eshte peegjegjes per cilen semundje

A

Semundjen respiratore akute

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61
Q

Pergjegjes per krizen aplastike eshtr

A

B19(parvovirusi)

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62
Q

Viruset e hepatitit

A

A E- fekalo orale
B PARENTERSLE
C D PARENTERALE

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63
Q

Tek rasti i hepatitit kemi rritje tr

A

ALT DHE AST-transaminaza qe prodhohen nga hepatocitet

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64
Q

Virusi hepatit A shkakton, dhe cfare lloji eshte

A

Hepatitin jnfektiv
PICOARNAVIRUS
mund te mirret me ane te ujit te kontaminuar,ushqimeve
Prej traktit gastrointstinal permes enterociteve kalon ne gjakun venoz e keshtu transportohet ne hepar permas qarkullimit portal,leshohet msndej ne bile dhe feces
Simptomat filleszarebperfshijne lodhje,temperature,humbje te oreksit,te vjella
Pacienti me semundje aktive ka rritje te IgM
Pacienti qe ka kaluar semundje ka rritje te IgG
PERIUDHA. EINKUBACIONIT 15-40 dite **

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65
Q

Hepatiti i serumit quhet

A

Hepatiti i virusit B

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66
Q

Antigjenet e virusit te hepatitit B

A

HBsAg(anrigjenj siperfaqesor)
HBcAg(sntigjeni i berthames)
HBeAg(proteine antigjeni)

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67
Q

Nje person eshte infektiv me virusin e hepatiti B nese ne gjak zbulohen

A

HBsAG
HBeAG

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68
Q

Burimi kryesor i virusit te hepatitit B eshte

A

Gjaku,por edhe peshtyma,urina,qumeshti,sperma

69
Q

Prania e cilit sntigjen tregen formen aktive t virusit t hepatitit B

A

HBsAG

70
Q

Karakteristike e virusit te hepatiti D eshte

A

Nuk replikohet pa ndihmen e hepatitit B

71
Q

Cili virus qe shkakton hepatit bene pjese ne flavovirus

A

Hepatitit G

72
Q

Virusi i Hepatit G i takon

A

Arn viruseve
Flavovirus

73
Q

Virusi hepatitit E ngjane me

A

Caliciviruset

74
Q

Virusi hepatit C i takon

A

Flavi viruseve

75
Q

Cili virus inhepatit infekton vetem njerezit dhe shimpanzete

A

Virusi hepatitit C

76
Q

Caliciviruseve i ngjason cili virusmi hepatit

A

Hepatiti E

77
Q

ARN VIRUS,positive stranded,naked

A

Picorna
Calici

78
Q

ARN virus,positive stranded,enveloped

A

Toga
Flavi
Corona
Retro

79
Q

ARN VIRUSET POSITIVE STRANDED

A

picorna
Calici
Toga
Corona
Flavi
Retro

80
Q

ARN VIRUS., NEGATIVE STRANDED,enveloped

A

Bunya
Orthomyxo
Paramyxo
Rhabdo
Arena
Filo

81
Q

DOUBLE STRANDED RNA VIRUS

A

REO

82
Q

Picorna viruset ,members

A

Enteroviruset
Rhinoviruset
Virusi i hepatit A
Rna virus,positive stranded,naked.
Virude citolotike

83
Q

Pikoarnvirusi me i njohur eshte

A

POLIOVIRUSI

84
Q

Enteroviruset

A

Bejne pjese ne pikoarnvirus
Rezistebd ndaj pH- 3-9,me temp normsle te rritjes 33 grade celsius
-poliovirusi,koksakieviruset

85
Q

Poliovirusi i takon

A

Enteroviruseve
Sjkskton semundjen e polimielitit-
Replikohet ne pllakat e payerit,kalon ne qarkullim ge gjakut,kalon barrieeen BBB,ne medullen spinale ne cornu anterior dhe keshtu shkalton polimielitin.

86
Q

Koksakieviruset perfshijne

A

Koksakieviruset A
Koksakieviruset B
I takojne picornavirusve (enterovirus)

87
Q

Semundjen dore-kembe-goje e shkakron

A

Koksakievirusi A16 pjese e enteroviruseve
(+Heparngine)

88
Q

Koksakievirusi B shkakton

A

Miokarditi
Perikarditi
Semundjen Bornholm-Pleurodinia(devils grip)

89
Q

Semundjen BornHolm-Pleurodinia ose ndryshe e quajtue kapja. Edjallit e shkakton

A

Koksakievirusi B

90
Q

Shkaktaret me te shpeshte te te ftohures se zakonshme dhe infeksioneve te traktit te siperm respirator eshte

A

Rhinovirusi(enterovirus(picornavirus)

91
Q

Cka dallon rhinovirusi nga picornaviruset e tjere

A

Nuk replikohet ne TGI,
Simptomat gjithashtu jane te ngjajshme me gripin por pa temepratire dhe pa mialgjin
Jane te ndjeshme naj pH acidike
Sekrecionet nazale qe leshohen eshte 500-1000 virione per ml

92
Q

Simptoma ge njejta me rhinoviruset shkaktojne edhe

A

Coronaviruset
Adenoviruset
Viruset. Eparainfluenzes

93
Q

Coronaviruset

A

RNA VIRUS,positive stranded,enveloped
Ne sip e virionit ndodhen glikoproteina qe i japin pamjen e kurores dhe rezistencen ndaj kushteve gastrointestinale.
Virioni permban glikoproteinen E1-proteine matriksi transmembranore
E2-
E3-neuraminidazen dhe hemaglutininen

94
Q

Temp optimale per coronaviruset

A

33-35 grade

95
Q

Periudha e inkubacionit te coronaviruset eshte

A

3 dite

96
Q

Ne caliciviruser bejne pjese

A

Norovirusi
Astrovirusi
Virusi Norwalk
RNA ,POSITIVE STRANDED,NAKED

97
Q

Noroviruset jane shkaketare te

A

Gastroenteritit

98
Q

Reoviruset

A

Rna virus,naked,DOUBLE STRANDED
ROOK
rotaviruser
Ortoreoviruset
Orboviruswr
Koltiviruset

99
Q

Sa segmente ka reovirusi

A

10 segmente
Rotavirusi 11 segmente te ARN

100
Q

Viruset kryesore te diaerres infantile dhe gastroenteritir

A

Reoviruset
RNA VIRUS
NAKED
DOUBLE STRANDED
** 10 SEGMENTE**

101
Q

Semundja qe shkaktohet nga reoviruset per te njeriu e shkakton

A

ROTAVIRUSI gr A

102
Q

Pergjegjes per ethet e rriqrave te Kolorados jane

A

Orbiviruset
Koltiviruset

103
Q

Sa segmente kane viruset e etheve te rriqrave te Kolorados

A

orbiviruset,koltiviruset
12 segmente
((orbiviruser kane 10 segmente)

104
Q

Rhabdoviruset

A

RNA VIRUS
NEGATIVE STRANDED
ENVELOPED
BULLET SHAPED CAPSULE

105
Q

Infeksioni terbimit shkaktohet nga cili virus dhe kush eshte rezervuari kryesor

A

Rabdoviruset (rna virus,negative stranded,enveloped)

106
Q

Replikimi i virusit qe shkakton terbimin ndodh ne

A

Ne muskuj,mandej virioni futet ne snp,medulle spinale,Ku zonat me te prekura jane
Hipokampusi,nc pontinus,

107
Q

Shenje patognomonike ne aspektin histopatolpgjik jane

A

Trupat. E Negrit

108
Q

Fazat e semundjes se terbimir

A

Faza prodromale
Faza neurologjike
Faza komatoze
Ka 3 faza

109
Q

Vaksina kunder terbimir

A

HDCV

110
Q

Progresionin e semundjes se terbimit e frenon

A

Ribavirina

111
Q

Shkaktaret e etheve te renda hemorragjike jane

A

Filoviruset (RNA VIRUS,NEGATIVE STRANDED,ENVELOPED)
Viruser Marbug dhe Ebola

112
Q

Ebola

A

Shkaktohet nga filoviruset
Virusi replikohen ne monocite dhe makrofage,qeliza endoteliale.
Kane aktivitet citolitik ,ku ne nivel te qelizave endoteliale shkaktojne demtime vaskulare dhe hemorragji vecanerisht nga trakti gastro intestinal, qe qon ne shok hipovolemik dhe edema.
Simpomat jane te ngjajshme me gripin,dhimbje koke,mialgji,te perziera,te vjella,dhimbje abdominale,ethe,temperature.
VDEKSHMERIA TEK EBOLA ESHTE 90%
Periudha e inkubacionit eshte 21 dite
Bartet me kontakt direkt.

113
Q

Periudha e inkubacionit tek ebola

A

2-21 dite

114
Q

Vdekshmeria tek ebola eshte

A

90%

115
Q

Me semundjet neuropsikiatrike si skizofrenia,autizmi,depresiioni lidhet

A

Borna virusi

116
Q

Paramiksoviruset

A

RNA VIRUS,NEGATIVE STRANDED,ENVELOPED
Morbillivirus
Pneumoviruset
Paramiksoviruset

117
Q

Ne paramiksovirus bejne pjese

A

Morbilliviruset
Pneumoviruset
Paramiksoviruset
RNA , NEGATIVE STRANDED,ENVELOPED

118
Q

Morbilliviruset shkaktojne

A

Virusin e fruthit

(Rubeolen)

119
Q

Pneumoviruset shkaktojne

A

Virusin respirator sinsticial
Metapneumovirusin

120
Q

Paramiksoviruset shkaktojne

A

Virusin e shytave (parotiti)
Parainfluenzen

121
Q

Parainflienzen e shkakton

A

Paramiksoviruset

122
Q

Virusin e shytave (parotitin e shkakton)

A

Parsmiksoviruset

123
Q

Metapneumovirusin ,virusin respirator sinticial e shakkton

A

Pneumovirusi pjese. Eparamiksoviruseve

124
Q

Virusin e fruthit (rubeollen) e shakkton

A

Morbillivirusi (pjese e parsmiksoviruseve)

125
Q

Virusi Fruthi/ Rubeolla

A

I takon kryesisht morbilliviruseve(paramiksovirus)
Eshte ende nje nga shkaqet e larta te vdekshmerise te popullatat e pavaksinuara
**perhapet permas sperklave respiratoee dhe eshte shuke ngjitese (1:20)
Perhapet me ane te sistemit limfatik dhe ne qarkullim-viremi.
Perhaper ne konjuktiva,ene te vogla,SNQ,sistem limfatik,trakt urinar,traktin e poshtem respirator.

126
Q

Sa eshte periudha e inkubacionit tek virusi fruthi/ rubeolla

A

7-13 dite kryesisht 2 jave

127
Q

Simptomat shenjat qe fillon fruthi / rubeolla

A

Filloj me temperature te larte
CCC-P
Cough,konjukitivit,inflamaciom te hundeve,fotofobi

128
Q

Shenja patognomike e fruthit eshte

A

Njollat e Koplikut, qe shihet ne mukozen bukale prapa molareve , ne vagime dhe ne kknjuktiva.

129
Q

Pas njollew te Koplikut tek fruthi /rubeolla fillon edhd

A

Rashi makulopapulare(ekzantema)

130
Q

Tek cilet persona fruthi eshte me i ashper

A

Tek personat me mungese te vitamines A

131
Q

Viruset eparainfluenzes hyne ne kuadeer te

A

Paramiksoviruseve
Viruset e parainfluenzes 1,2,3 shakktojne infeksion te lehte te traktik tensiperm respirator te ngjwjshme me te ftohuren

132
Q

Kush e shkaktkon KRUPIN-Laringotrakeobronkitin

A

Viruset e parainfluenzes

133
Q

Virusi i shytave-parotiti hyn ne kuader tr

A

Paramiksoviruseve.

134
Q

Parotiti targeton

A

Gjendrrat parotide,testiset,vezoret,pankreasi,gjendrrs tiroide,snq

135
Q

Vaksinimi per fruth/rubeoole

A

VAKSINIMI MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) (fruthi/shytat/rubella)

136
Q

Virusi respirator sinsticial intakon

A

Familjew se pneumoviruseve (paramiksoviruseve)
Ky virus nuk lidhet per receptoret e acidit sialik ose RBC
Dmth nuk ka Hemaglutinine as Neuraminidaze.
Ky virus ndryhe njihet si bronkiti te te porsalindurit

137
Q

Cili virus njihet si bronkit te te porsalindurit

A

Virusi respirator sinsticial( pneumovirus)

138
Q

Cili virus nuk ka as hemaglutinine e as neuraminidazw

A

Virusi respirator sinsticial

139
Q

Ortomiksoviruser

A

RNA VIRUSES
NEGATIVE STRANDED
ENVELOPD

140
Q

Ortomikoviruset jane pergjegjes per

A

Gripin(influencen) e zakonshem

141
Q

Gripin e zakonshem ose influencen e shkakton

A

Ortomiksoviruset

142
Q

Viruset e gripit A B C jane anetare te

A

Ortomiksoviruseve

143
Q

Cilet nga viruset e gripit te zakonshem jane patogjen

A

A dhe B

144
Q

Cili nga viruset e gripit te zakonshem jane zoonoze

A
145
Q

Pandemia globale me e njohur e gripit ne 1918-1919 me 20-40 milion te vdekur eshte

A

Gripi spanjoll

146
Q

Gripij spanjoll e shkakron

A

Ortomiksoviruset

147
Q

Sa segmente kane viruset e gripit A B C

A

A dhe B kane nga 8 segmente
C ka 7 segmente

148
Q

Produktet gjenomike te virusit te gripit A dhe B jane

A

Hemaglutinina dhe Neuraminidazam
PB2, PB1, PA
NS1 dhe NS2.

149
Q

Drifte antigjenike

A

Ndryshimet minore antigjenike rezultojne nga mutacionet e HA dhe NA

150
Q

Shifte antigjenike

A

Ndryshimet madhore antigjenike njihen si shifte antigjenike,rezultojne nga rikrijimi i gjenomit
KY PROCRS NDODJ VETEM ME VIRUSIN E GR A

151
Q

Gripi/influenca perhapet permes

A

Aerosoleve

152
Q

Sa e ka periudhen e inkubacionit gripi

A

1-4 dite
Sherimi i plote 7-10 dite

153
Q

Si shkaktohet sindroma Reyes

A

Marrja e aspirines te femijet kurnjane me virusin e gripit ,qon ne semundje te rralle qe quhet Sindroma Reyes ,qe atalom trurin dhe heparin.
Tek femijet duhet administruar NSAID/acetaminofen por jo aspirin kur paraqiten ethet.

154
Q

Si rezultat i virusit te gripit cilat infeksione sekondare bakteriale mund te paraqiten

A

H influenzae
S pneumonia
S aureus.

155
Q

Cili virus izolohet ne kulturat qelizoee MADIN DARBY

A

Virusi i gripit

156
Q

Barnat antivirale te cilat frenojne zhveshjen e mbeshtjelljes proteimike per virusin e gripit A por jo edje B qe kane si target proteinen M2

A

Amantadine
Rimantadina

157
Q

Frenues antiviral te te dy grupeve te virusit te gripit

A

Zanamivir
Oseltamivir

158
Q

Shkalla e vdekshmerise me Sindromen e Reyes

A

40%

159
Q

Ne grupin e arboviruseve hyjne

A

Togaviruset
Flaviviruset
Buniaviruset
Arenaviruset
Quhen arbovirus sepse transmetohen prej artropodave

160
Q

Togaviruset dhe Flaviviruset

A

Jsne rna virus,single stranden ,pozitiv, me mbeshtjelles

161
Q

Ne togavirus bejne pjese

A

Alfa virusi
Rubivirusi
Aeterivirusi

162
Q

Vektor i alfavirusit eshte

A

Mushkonja Culex

163
Q

Alfa viruset jane shkaktare te

A

Encefalitit

164
Q

Virusi Chinkunguya i perket

A

Alfa viruseve(toga virus ( rna virus,positive strande)

165
Q

Rubivirusi i perket

A

Toga viruseve mirepo nuk esjte ARBOVIRUS(sikurse alfa virusi,buniavirusi dhe arenavirusi),sepse nuk transmetohet nga mushlonjat por nga njerezit

166
Q

Rubivirus Rubella

A

Eshte nje toga virus qe shkakton rubellen ,dallon nga rubeolla
Rubeolla shlaltohet nga morbillivirus qe eshte njenparamiksovirus
Rubella (rubivirusi(togavirus) - eshte shume. Engjsjshme me fruthin(morbillivirus)por per dallim prej fruthit qe zgjste 6 dite,rubelëa zgjste 3 dite

167
Q

Fruth 3 ditor njihez

A

Rubella e shakktuar nga rubivirusi pjese e toga viruseve

168
Q

Vaksina per rubelle

A

MMR
Fruth(rubeolle),rubelle,shyt

Mikro (9 decks)

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