Vit A and D

Question 1

Vitamin A
RDI Men / Women
2 forms

Answer 1

RDI: M1000/W800 Women Prego or planning NOT to exceed 2500 RE/day risk of birth defects
2 Forms: Retinol (in animals)
Carotenoids (in plants)

Question 2

VIT A
Examples of Retinol (animal)
Carotenoid (plant)

Answer 2

Retinol Carotenoid
Beef Liver. Carrot
Cod Liver Oil Sweet Potato
Egg Spinach
Butter Apricots

Question 3

Functions VIT A
Vision
Immune System
Skin & Mucous Membranes

Answer 3

Vision - plays a central role in retina conv of light energy into N impulse
Immune - improves antibody prod increases activity of Tcells & natural killers cells
Skin & Mucous Membranes - promotes healthy epithelial growth

Question 4

VIT A Functions
Hormone Synthesis
RBC
Nervous
Skeletal

Answer 4

Hormone Syn: REQD for Steroid Hormone Synthesis
(Corticosteroids/Androgens & Estrogens)
RBC: assists to mobilize Fe stores in the prod of new RBC
Nerve: MAINTAIN MYELIN SHEATH around N.
Skeletal: helps w bone formation, growth and fx healing

Question 5

VIT A DEFICIENCIES

Answer 5

• Dryness & Itching of Conjunctiva
• Poor night or low light vision (Xerophthalmia)
• Dry Rough itchy skin w rash
• Dry Brittle hair and nails
• Loss of appetite sense of smell/taste
• Fatigue Anemia poor growth

Question 6

VIT A Retinol TOXICITY

Answer 6

• Bone Pain and Swelling
• Nausea Vomiting and Diarrhea
• H/As Blurred vision
• Dermatitis Hair Loss Dry Skin
• Liver Damage HIGH Blood Calcium

Question 7

INCREASED DEF RISK VIT A

Answer 7

Decreased Absorption *alcoholics/liver-biliary disorders/ Chrons/Cystic Fibrosis
Poor Beta-Carotene conv to VitA *diabetics and hypothyroid
Increased Utilization - smokers, increased Stress, Diabetes, Infections, Sx

Question 8

VIT A shown to help?

Answer 8

Major role in wound and bony fx healing
Cancer prevention effects
Improved Immune function
Menstrual Pain Modification
Skin and Scalp conditions
Gastric Ulcer healing improvement

Question 9

VIT D (CHOLECALCIFEROL)
RDI M/W
Dietary Source

Answer 9

LARGE DOSES are contraindicated for Pregnant due to potential Teratogenic effects
M & W 5-15 mcg
Salmon                              Egg
Fortified Milk                   Butter
Tuna

Question 10

VIT D Functions
Calcium Metabolism
Skeletal Health
Cell Growth
Immune Function

Answer 10

Calcium Metabolism - regulation of blood calcium levels
Skeletal Health - Bone growth during childhood, strength and density during adulthood
Cell Growth - Regulator of cell dvlpmnt whole body (esp epithelial cells)
Immune Fxn - Cell dvlpmnt activity & response of WBC

Question 11

VIT D Deficiencies

Answer 11

Rickets (children), Osteomalacia (adults)
Poorly Formed tooth enamel (child)
Increased risk of osetoporosis and fractures
Impaired immune response
Muscle weakness ESP hip&pelvis

Question 12

VIT D TOXICITY

Answer 12

> 100-1000mcg/day
Hypercalcemia
Calcium Deposits into soft tissues
Renal Calcification - potential kidney stones

Question 13

Increased Def of VIT D risk assoc w?

Answer 13

Lack of sun. (Confined/premature infants/reg use of sunscreen)
Persons w Fat Malabsorption syndromes, long term corticosteroid medication use
Strict vegetarians, elderly, diabetes, kidney dx

Question 14

How can VIT D HELP?

Answer 14

Bone Disorders: treatment for rickets, along w calcium can slow/prevent bone loss
Psoriasis: can reduce hyperproliferation of skin cells (due to regulatory effect)
Immune Response: stimulate WBC and increase resistance to infection
Cancer prevention: may reduce risk of colorectal and breast CA