Vitamins

Question 1

what are vitamins

Answer 1

Vitamins are required to regulate the maintenance and growth of the body and to control metabolic reactions in cells.

Question 2

Vitamins are classifed into what

Answer 2

Fat Soluble- Adek
Water Soluble- B. Complex, C

Question 3

Vitamin A

Answer 3

• Also known as retinol
  -it aids in bright vision
  -it enables one to see in dim light
  -required for the maintenance &health of the skin.
• Required for the normal growth of children particularly bones & teeth.

Question 4

Sources Of Vitamin A

Answer 4

Animal food- Milk, cheese, eggs etc.
Also found in Carotene, Plant foods.(especially carrots, parsley, spinach, cabbage) etc. It gives plants their orange/ yellow colour. Carotene is also used as a food colouring in many foods.

Question 5

Deficiency Symptoms Of Vitamin A

Answer 5

-Inability to see properly in dim light/Night blindness.
-Retarded growth in children.
-Dryness of skin.
- Low resistance to infection

Question 6

Vitamin D

Answer 6

Also known as cholecalciferol
Required for the proper formation of bones & teeth.
-Sunlight is an important source of vitamin D as when the body is exposed to ultra-violet rays of the sun, a substance under the skin is converted to cholecalciferol.

Question 7

Sources Of Vitamin D

Answer 7

Liver
Fish/Oily fish eg. sardines
Small amounts of egg yolk
Butter/Margarine
Milk & Dairy products

Question 8

Deficiency of Vitamin D

Answer 8

-Rickets
-An adult form of rickets- osteomalacia, this may occur in elderly people and can result in serious fractures after a minor fall.
Growth of child is retarded.

Question 9

Vitamin E

Answer 9

Also known as Tocopherol
- this a very effective antioxidant
- it is widely used in the food industry as it is an antioxidant to stop fats becoming spoiled.

Question 10

Sources Of Vitamin E

Answer 10

It is found in small quntities in many plants especially.
Lettuce, grasses
Peanut seeds
Vegetable oil
It is also found in milk and milk products and in egg yolk.

Question 11

Deficiency Symptoms

Answer 11

It is rare but can occur in premature babies.

Question 12

Vitamin K

Answer 12

Also known as Phylloquinone/ Menadione
It assists in the production of coagulation factors in the blood, to enable it to clot properly after and injury.

Question 13

Sources Of Vitamin K

Answer 13

Eggs
Green leaf vegetables
Milk
Cabbage
Liver

Question 14

Deficiency Symptoms

Answer 14

Inability of blood to clot which results in haemorrhage.

Question 15

Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer 15

they are vitamins that can dissolve in water but not in fats & oil.
Main sources:
Cereals, especially whole grain ones
Cereal products e.g bread flour
yeast & yeast extracts, beer
All meat- liver, kidney, heart
Milk

Question 16

Vitamin B1

Answer 16

Also known as Thiamin
required for the normal growth of children & for general health
required for the function and maintenance of the nerves
it increases appetite
It prevents beri beri

Question 17

Deficiency Symptoms

Answer 17

Alcoholism
Digestive disorders
Pregnancy due to loss of appetite
(vomiting)
Depression , irritability, difficulty in concentration
Growth retarded in children
Nerves become inflamed and painful , Muscles become weak
Severe deficiency leads to disease beri beri.

Question 18

Vitamin B2

Answer 18

Also known Riboflavin
it promotes growth
it assist in the formation of antibodies and red blood cells.
Riboflavin is soluble in water and is destroyed if heated in the presence of an alkali (bicarbonate of soda).

Question 19

Sources Of Vitamin B2

Answer 19

Whole cereals of fat
Milk, legumes, leafy vegetables
Liver, egg, yeast, cheese

Question 20

Vitamin B3

Answer 20

Also known as Nicotinic Acid ( Niacin)
It promotes growth
it is involved in energy release from carbohydrates
improves the appetite
it assist in correct functioning of nerves and skin.
Requirements: Nicotinic acid is required everyday and more is needed during pregnancy and lactation.

Question 21

Deficiency Symptoms

Answer 21

It leads to diarrhea
it leads to nervous disorder
it results to pellagra, which has these symptoms:
Dermatitis: especially on the skin that is exposed to the sun
Dementia: Loss of memory, confusion and depression
Diarrhea: abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, loose and frequent stools.

Question 22

Vitamin C

Answer 22

Also known as Ascorbic Acid
Prevents Scurvy
Prevents Cold
Promotes healing of wounds

Question 23

Sources Of Vitamin C

Answer 23

Green leafy vegetables
fresh fruits
tomatoes
okro
carrots
guava

Question 24

Deficiency Symptoms Of Vitamin C

Answer 24

Bleeding gums
Skin infection
Loose teeth
General weakness.