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Animal Nutrition > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamins?

A

complex organic substances required in small amounts to maintain growth, health and survival of animals

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2
Q

Why are vitamins an essential part of the diet?

A

animals cannot manufacture vitamins themselves

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3
Q

What are fat soluble vitamins?

A

vitamins absorbed in the gut along with fat and can be stored in the body

daily intake is not required

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4
Q

What vitamins are fat soluble?

A

vitamin A
vitamin D
vitamin E
vitamin K

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5
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A

vitamins not stored in the body

any excess is excreted in urine

daily intake is required

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6
Q

What vitamins are water soluble?

A

vitamin B
vitamin C

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7
Q

What is a lack of vitamins in the diet called?

A

vitamin deficiency

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8
Q

What is an excess amount of vitamins in the diet called?

A

hypervitaminosis

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9
Q

What is the difference between macro minerals and trace minerals?

A

macro minerals are needed in large amounts

trace minerals are needed in small amounts

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10
Q

What are minerals?

A

inorganic substances essential to survival

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11
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A?

A

helps the body’s natural defence against
infection and illness work properly

helps vision in dim light

keeps skin and the lining of some of the body parts healthy

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12
Q

What can too much of vitamin A result in?

A

makes bones more likely to fracture

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13
Q

What can not enough of vitamin A result in?

A

night blindness

problems with reproduction

bad condition of hair and skin

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14
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B1 or thiamine?

A

helps the body break down and release energy from food

keeps the nervous system healthy

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15
Q

What can not enough of vitamin B1 or thiamine result in?

A

loss of appetite

poor coordination

weakness

convulsions

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16
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B2 or riboflavin?

A

keeps skin, eyes and the nervous system healthy

helps the body release energy from food

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17
Q

What can not enough of vitamin B2 or riboflavin result in?

A

loss of appetite

weight loss

skin and eye lesions

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18
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B3 or niacin?

A

helps the body release energy from food

keeps the skin and the nervous system healthy

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19
Q

What can too much of vitamin B3 or niacin result in?

A

skin flushes

liver failure

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20
Q

What can not enough of vitamin B3 or niacin result in?

A

dermatitis

diarrhoea

oral ulcers

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21
Q

What is the function of pantothenic acid?

A

helps the body release energy from food

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22
Q

What can not enough of pantothenic acid result in?

A

loss of appetite

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23
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B6?

A

helps the body store energy from protein and carbohydrates in food

helps the body form haemoglobin

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24
Q

What can too much of vitamin B6 result in?

A

a loss of feeling in the arms and legs

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25
Q

What can not enough of vitamin B6 result in?

A

growth problems

skin problems

anaemia

hair or fur loss

convulsions

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26
Q

What is the function of vitamin B7 or biotin?

A

helps the body make fatty acids

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27
Q

What can not enough of vitamin B7 or biotin result in?

A

hair or fur loss

dermatitis

diarrhoea

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28
Q

What are the functions of folic acid?

A

helps the body form healthy red blood cells

reduces the risk of birth defects

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29
Q

What can too much of folic acid result in?

A

damage to the nervous system

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30
Q

What can not enough of folic acid result in?

A

anaemia

growth problems

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31
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B12?

A

helps make red blood cells

keeps the nervous system healthy

releases energy from food

32
Q

What can not enough of vitamin B12 result in?

A

growth problems

anaemia

loss of appetite

33
Q

What are the functions of vitamin C?

A

helps to protect cells and to keep them healthy

maintain healthy skin, blood vessels, bones and cartilage

helps with wound healing

34
Q

What can too much vitamin C result in?

A

stomach pain

diarrhoea

flatulence

35
Q

What can not enough of vitamin C result in?

A

scurvy
fatigue
weakness

36
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A

keeps bones, teeth and muscles healthy

37
Q

What can too much vitamin D result in?

A

cause too much calcium to build up in the body

damage to kidneys

weakened bones

38
Q

What can not enough vitamin D result in?

A

rickets

growth problems

weak legs

soft eggs (in birds)

39
Q

What are the functions of vitamin E?

A

helps maintain healthy skin and eyes

strengthens the body’s natural defence against illness and infection

40
Q

What can not enough of vitamin E result in?

A

muscular dystrophy

low fertility

41
Q

What are the functions of vitamin K?

A

helps blood clots happens

helps heal wounds

42
Q

What can not enough of vitamin K result in?

A

anaemia

haemophilia

43
Q

What are the functions of calcium?

A

helps build bones

keeps teeth healthy

regulates muscle contractions

makes sure blood clots normally

44
Q

What can too much calcium result in?

A

stomach pain

diarrhoea

45
Q

What can not enough calcium result in?

A

problems with the skeleton and teeth

weakened bones

hypocalcaemia (in cattle and sheep)

recumbent (not being able to stand properly)

46
Q

What are the functions of zinc?

A

activates enzymes necessary for digestion

aids fertility

DNA synthesis

47
Q

What can too much zinc result in?

A

nausea

vomiting

headaches

decreased immune function

copper deficiency

48
Q

What can not enough zinc result in?

A

lesions

bad skin condition

dull coat

49
Q

What is the function of iron?

A

helps form haemoglobin in red blood cells

50
Q

What can too much iron result in?

A

constipation

nausea

vomiting

stomach pain

51
Q

What can not enough iron result in?

A

anaemia

blood loss

growth problems

52
Q

What is the function of iodine?

A

helps form thyroid hormones

53
Q

What can too much iodine result in?

A

weight gain

stomach pain

fever

vomiting

54
Q

What can not enough iodine result in?

A

enlarged thyroid gland

reduced growth

weakness

55
Q

What are the functions of sodium?

A

regulates body water content

involved in osmotic regulation

56
Q

What can too much sodium result in?

A

hypotension

increased blood pressure

stroke

heart attack

57
Q

What can not enough sodium result in?

A

increased heart rate

thirst

58
Q

What are the functions of phosphorus?

A

promotes healthy bone growth

assists with energy production

protein synthesis

59
Q

What can too much phosphorus result in?

A

low levels of calcium

osteoporosis

muscle weakness

kidney damage

itchy skin

seizures

60
Q

What can not enough phosphorus result in?

A

problems with the skeleton and teeth

metabolic bone disease (in reptiles)

61
Q

What are the functions of magnesium?

A

aids in the formation of bones and teeth

involved in all forms of energy production

maintains nerve and muscle function

62
Q

What can too much magnesium result in?

A

lethargy

muscle weakness

low blood pressure

breathing difficulties

urine retention

63
Q

What can not enough magnesium result in?

A

problems with joints

muscle weakness

paralysis

convulsions

unable to stand properly

64
Q

What are the functions of copper?

A

helps with bone, cartilage, elastin and hair formation

helps the utilisation of iron

helps with melanin synthesis

65
Q

What can too much copper result in?

A

severely affects sleep

66
Q

What can not enough copper result in?

A

hind leg weakness (in lambs)

loss of pigment in hair

67
Q

What are the functions of potassium?

A

regulates body fluids

helps maintain homeostasis by assisting levelling pH levels

68
Q

What can too much potassium result in?

A

affects the absorption of magnesium

69
Q

What can not enough potassium result in?

A

paralysis

loss of muscle mass

urinating frequently

thirst

70
Q

What are the functions of manganese?

A

essential for enzyme activation

helps support healthy bones and teeth

71
Q

What can too much manganese result in?

A

loss of appetite

slow growth

reproductive issues

anaemia

muscle spasms

hearing loss

brain damage

72
Q

What can not enough manganese result in?

A

poor bone growth

skeletal defects

growth problems

low fertility

impaired glucose tolerance

abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate and fat

73
Q

What are the functions of selenium?

A

helps prevent cell damage

helps form antioxidant enzymes

74
Q

What can too much selenium result in?

A

hair loss

deformities

can be fatal

75
Q

What can not enough selenium result in?

A

anaemia

joint abnormalities

Animal Nutrition (14 decks)

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