Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

3 general roles vitamins play in nutrition

Answer 1

• co-enzymes (energry and protein metabolism) - cell regulators hormones (growth and development) - anti-oxidants (health and disease)

Question 2

types of vitamins

Answer 2

• fat soluble vitamins (ADEK); stored in fat - water soluble vitamins (B complex and C); no storage

Question 3

Fat soluble vitamins are supplemented in all species, except Vitamin ____

Answer 3

K (contained in plants)

Question 4

water soluble vitamins are not supplemented in ________ and ___________

Answer 4

ruminants and nonruminant herbivores

Question 5

water soluble vitamins are supplemented in other species where _________ and __________

Answer 5

• not present in feeds - used for marketing purposes

Question 6

Vitamin ___ is not supplemented at all in any animal

Answer 6

C

Question 7

In formulating diets, vitamins are:

Answer 7

• inexpensive to supplement - supplemented at animal’s requirement - vitamin analysis is seldom done

Question 8

In formulating diets, vitamins are:

Answer 8

• inexpensive to supplement - supplemented at animal’s requirement - vitamin analysis is seldom done

Question 9

What vitamin is this? PICTURE

Answer 9

Vitamin A (retinol)

Question 10

Vitamin A is sold in ________ to improve ______

Answer 10

gelatin beadlets stability

Question 11

animals fed _______ don’t need Vitamin ____ supplementation

Answer 11

fresh grass (green plants) A

Question 12

Vitamin A supplements are inherently unstable and sensitive to:

Answer 12

• ultraviolet light - oxygen - moisture - trace minerals (Mn, Co_ - high temp - presence of fats

Question 13

D__ is synthesized in the body, also called cholecalciferol

Answer 13

3

Question 14

D__ is synthesized in plants, also called ergocalciferol

Answer 14

2

Question 15

what vitamin is this? PICTURE

Answer 15

D3 (cholecalciferol)

Question 16

Vitamin D is sensitive to:

Answer 16

• moisture - oxidation - trace minerals - acid pH

Question 17

vitamin D is (more/less) stable than vitamin A

Answer 17

more

Question 18

what vitamin is this? PICTURE

Answer 18

E (tocopherol)

Question 19

stability of vitamin E

Answer 19

very stable, most stable of all vitamin supplements

Question 20

K1, also called ________, is derived from ______

Answer 20

phylloquinone plants

Question 21

K2, also called _______, is derived from _______

Answer 21

menaquinone bacteria

Question 22

K3, also called ________, is ________

Answer 22

menadione synthetic

Question 23

K3, also called ________, is ________

Answer 23

menadione synthetic

Question 24

B-complex vitamins:

Answer 24

• riboflavin - thiamine - niacin - choline - pyridoxine - folic acid - cobalamin

Question 25

B-complex vitamins:

Answer 25

• riboflavin - thiamine - niacin - choline - pyridoxine - folic acid - cobalamin

Question 26

what are the precursors that are needed to synthesize the vitamins choline, niacin, A, D, and C?

Answer 26

choline - methionine, folic acid, B12 niacin - tryptophan A- beta carotene D - 7-dehydrocholesterol and UV light C - glucose

Question 27

minerals with ______ concentrations in the tissue have much ______ dietary requirements

Answer 27

high higher

Question 28

White salt vs Red salt

Answer 28

white salt - pure NaCl, no other mineral sources red salt - trace mineral salt product; added Cu, Co, I, Fe, Se, Mn, Zn

Question 29

Salt is the ________ commonly added mineral supplement

Answer 29

most

Question 30

salt deficiency will appear in _______ and will result in reduced __________ intake and _________

Answer 30

1-2 days water and feed labored breathing

Question 31

________ have no sulfur requirement

Answer 31

monogastrics

Question 32

monogastrics have a ______ requirement and ruminants have a _____ requirement for potassium

Answer 32

low high