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Biochemistry > Vitamins Water Solubles > Flashcards

Vitamins Water Solubles Flashcards

1
Q

What do vitamins do?

A

Participate in metabolism of carbohydrates /lipids/proteins and they are necessary for growth

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2
Q

Which vitamins act as hormones?

A

Vitamin A and vitamin D

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3
Q

What are coenzyme vitamins?

A

Water solubles and vitamin K which is a fat soluble vitamin

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4
Q

What are the types of vitamins?

A

1- water soluble
2- fat soluble
Water solubles known as B complex and non B complex which is vitamin C
Fat soluble known as EDKA

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5
Q

What are vitamin B complex functions?

A

Energy realising
Dealing with hematopoletic cell formation
Other

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6
Q

Which kind of vitamins doesnt our body have a storage capacity for?

A

Water solubles

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7
Q

Can body synthesize vitamins?

A

Most of vitamins must be supplied by diet but some of them can be synthesized by our body like vitamin B12

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8
Q

High carbohydrate intake requires greater intake of _______?

A

Thiamine and other B complexes

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9
Q

Due to what beriberi disease happens? What is beriberi disease?

A

High carbohydrate diet/ due to lack of vitamin B1 it causes inflammation of multiple nerves,heart disease, edema and swelling

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10
Q

What is thiamine?

A

Known as vitamin B1

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11
Q

What is the coenzyme form of thiamine?

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

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12
Q

What is thiamine for?

A

Vitamin B1 which is a key role for energy metabolism and important in central nervous system.

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13
Q

What are the coenzyme functions of thiamine pyro phosphate?

A

Transketolase (pentose phosphate pathway)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase => acetyl coA
Alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase
Branched chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase of muscle cells

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14
Q

What are thiamine defeciencies?

A

Decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase enzymes activities which lead to decline of ATP production and cause impaired cellular functions

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15
Q

What are thiamine defeciencies in diseases?

A

1- beriberi disease
2- Wernicke korsakoff syndrome

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16
Q

What us wernicke korsakoff syndrome?

A

Deficiency of vitamin B1(thiamine)/related to rotation of eyes,hallucinations,memory problems , it can be treatable with thiamine but the memory recovery is incomplete , the treatment is used on red blood cell transketolase activity

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17
Q

What is riboflavin?

A

Vitamin B1

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18
Q

What are the functions of riboflavin?

A

Vitamin B2 is required for FMN and FAD synthesis so it directly affects the energy source of metabolism

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19
Q

What do FMN and FAD do?

A

Reversibly accepts 2 hydrogen atoms, bound tightly sometimes covalently to flavoenzymes,function in mitochondrial electron transfer

20
Q

Riboflavin deficiency?

A

Vitamin B2 => doesnt have a major human disease,frequently accompanies with other vitamin deficiencies
Dermatitis / inflammation of corners of mouth and tongue and ….

21
Q

What is Niacin?

A

Vitamin B3 also known as nicotinic acid

22
Q

What is niacin used for?

A

Vitamin B3 is used for synthesis of NAD/NADH/NADPH so its used for e transportation
But NADP is used for biosynthesis reactions not e transportation!!!

23
Q

What are niacin deficiencies?

A

Vitamin B3 => dermatitis,diarrhea,demantia,death

24
Q

What is hartnup disease?

A

Intestinal defect of neutral aminoacids and niacin deficiency related to it
In urine high levels of neutral amino acids
In plasma low levels of neutral amino acids

25
Q

What is the therapy for hartnup disease?

A

Nicotine amide (related to niacin) daily and sun protection

26
Q

What is niacin synthesized from?

A

Tryptophan

27
Q

What is niacin particullary useful in?

A

Type II and increases HDL(good cholesterol )

28
Q

What is pantothenic acid?

A

Vitamin B5

29
Q

Which coenzyme does pantothenic acid form?

A

Part of coenzyme A

30
Q

What are the rich sources of pantothenic acid?

A

Eggs,liver,yeast

31
Q

What are the deficiencies of vitamin B5?

A

No evidence deficiency in human

32
Q

What is vitamin B6 name?

A

Pyridoxine,pyridoxal,pyridoxamine
Pyridoxine occurs in plants but pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are found in animal foods

33
Q

What is vitamin B6 useful for ?

A

Participates in carbohydrate and lipid and aminoacids metabolism (serotonin,noreadrenaline)
Heme synthesis
Immune function
It increases with high pr intake

34
Q

What is the coenzyme of vitamin B6?(pyridoxine)

A

Pyridoxal phosphate
It is really important for aminoacid degredation

35
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Sideroblastic anemia
Nervousness , depression , coma , dermatitis …
Alcoholism
Obesity
….

36
Q

What is biotin?

A

Vitamin B7 also known as vitamin H because of the relation to hair and skin

37
Q

Bioxin acts as a coenzyme for ________ reactions?

A

Carboxylation

38
Q

Where can u have biotin?

A

Widely in food and intestinal bacteria provides most part of our biotin requirements

39
Q

Biotin deficiency ?

A

Doesnt occur naturally but dermtitis,hair loss, loss of appetite ,muscle pain,hallucinations

40
Q

Which protein is related to biotin?

A

Avidin present in egg white
Raw egg white has great affinity to biotin
1 molecule of avidin combines 4 molecules of Biotin

41
Q

What is folic acid?

A

Vitamin B9, it is important for hematopoletic and RNA and DNA synthesis
Necessary for purine synthesis

42
Q

Coenzyme form of folic acid?

A

Tetra hydro folic acid

43
Q

What does folic acid participate in?

A

Single carbon transfer reactions such as methylation
Important in both metabolism and regulation of gene expression

44
Q

Folic acid deficiency?

A

One of the most common vitamin deficiencies is vitamin B9/in pregnancy and lactation/it results in a decreased growth rate
Most common in pregnants and alcoholics
Causes megaloblastic anemia

45
Q

Megaloblastic anemia deficiency for which vitamin?

A

Vitamin B9(folic acid)

46
Q

Neurological symptoms accompanies to megaloblastic anemia deficiency for which vitamin ?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

47
Q

Most common types of folic acid deficiency in pregnants?

A

Spina bifida and anencephaly

Biochemistry (3 decks)

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