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AP World > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Paleolithic

A

The Old Stone Age, 95% of time that humans occupied the world as hunter gatherers.

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2
Q

Egalitarian

A

Principle where everyone is equal, no matter class or gender (ex. Hunter-gatherers)

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3
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

A cultivation of plants and domestication of particular animals

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4
Q

Pastoral Societies

A

Groups of people who depended on animals (ex. Herders, nomads)

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5
Q

Chiefdoms

A

Agricultural village societies that have a “chief” that inherits power and privilege who conquers others through generosity (beginnings of inequality)

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6
Q

Cahokia

A

Present-day St. Louis chiefdom that emerged in North America’s eastern woodlands in 1200 C.E.

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7
Q

Civilization

A

Refers to societies based in cities and governed by states

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8
Q

Patriarchy

A

Idea of male superiority and dominance

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9
Q

Caste System

A

Hindu practice of having socioeconomic levels in a stratified society

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10
Q

Hinduism

A

Oldest, largest, and most prominent polytheistic religion

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11
Q

Brahmin

A

Highest caste made of priests that presided over the needs of the gods and goddesses

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12
Q

Upanishads

A

Collection of sacred texts that elaborate on Hindu beliefs, such as the idea of Brahmins, the World Soul, and the final and ultimate reality

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13
Q

Moksha

A

Hindu concept of liberating the soul

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14
Q

Samsara

A

Rebirth or incarceration

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15
Q

Karma

A

Actions that result in rebirth in a higher social position or caste

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16
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

Former prince that became the first Buddha after going on a quest of enlightenment

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17
Q

Eightfold Path

A

The Buddhist path that would lead to enlightenment/nirvana

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18
Q

Nirvana

A

In Buddhism, a state where individual has achieved enlightenment

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19
Q

Theravada Buddhism

A

Early form of Buddhism according to which Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine; emphasizes practices rather than beliefs

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20
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

Buddha thought of as divine, and gives greater role to supernatural beings than Theravada

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21
Q

Tibetan Buddhism

A

Buddhism gives authority to Lamas and puts emphasis on preparation for death

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22
Q

Lamas

A

Teachers in Tibetan Buddhism

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23
Q

Bkhati Movement

A

Hindu movement which involved intense adoration of deity through songs, prayers, and rituals

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24
Q

Vishnu

A

Hindu god who is protector and preserver of those associated with mercy and goodness

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25
Q

Shiva

A

Hindu god focused on destruction

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26
Q

Confucianism

A

Model of social and political harmony focusing on 5 core relationships deemed by Confucius

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27
Q

Han Dynasty

A

Golden age of China where Confucianism became official ideology Chinese state

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28
Q

5 Confucian relationships

A

parent/child, husband/wife, older sibling/younger sibling, teacher/student, ruler/subject

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29
Q

Filial Piety

A

Honoring of one’s ancestors and parents

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30
Q

Daoism

A

Religion in China focused on worshipping natural phenomenons of the universe’s beauty

31
Q

Dao

A

Path to achieving withdrawal from the human world into the natural world

32
Q

Yellow Turban Rebellion

A

The beliefs of Daoism caused a Chinese peasant rebellion to fight against the oppression of governments and landlords

33
Q

Roman Catholic/Eastern Orthodox Split

A

When Pope became dominant leader of Roman Catholic Church, his authority caused divide

34
Q

Muhammad Ibn Abdullah

A

Founder of Islam

35
Q

Umma

A

The community of all believers of Islam

36
Q

Sunni Islam

A

Sect of Islam believing Abu Bhakr should succeed Muhammad

37
Q

Shia Islam

A

Minority sect in Islam who believe Ali should be successor of Muhammad

38
Q

Ulama

A

Muslim religious scholars who devoted their life to passing on core teachings of the faith

39
Q

Silk Roads

A

Trade route linking China & Mediterranean Sea

40
Q

Sea Roads

A

Sea-based network transversing Indian Ocean and South China Sea linking people of southern China and Eastern Africa

41
Q

Sand Roads

A

Trans-Sahara trade routes

42
Q

Song Dynasty

A

Ruled over large parts of ancient Chinese civilization with relatively stable political rule and proficient literary arts

43
Q

Chinese Examination System

A

Political test revived under Han Dynasty to staff Chinese bureaucracy

44
Q

China’s Economic Revolution

A

Major rise in prosperity under the Song Dynasty which is marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, economic specialization, and increasing technological innovation

45
Q

Hangzhou

A

Chinese capital under Song Dynasty

46
Q

Grand Canal (China)

A

1000 mile waterway linking Yellow River to Yangzi river

47
Q

Silla, Koryo, Joseon Kingdoms

A

Dynasties in Korea that allowed it to maintain political independence while having tributary relationship with China

48
Q

Hangul

A

Phonetic alphabet developed for Korean writing

49
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

Chinese emperor’s right to rule determined by Gods

50
Q

Chu Nom

A

Variation of Chinese writing known as “southern script”

51
Q

Samurai

A

Warrior class in feudal Japan

52
Q

Bushido

A

Way of the warrior

53
Q

Kami

A

Sacred spirits associated with human ancestors and various natural phenomena

54
Q

Table of Genji

A

Japanese novel that provides intimate picture of intrigues and romances of court life

55
Q

Abbasid Caliphate

A

Arab dynasty that ruled Islamic world since 750

56
Q

Seljuk Turkic Empire

A

Centered in Persia and Iraq; Turkish slaves began to take political and military power becoming Islamized and taking up title of sultan as opposed to kaghan

57
Q

Caliph

A

Successor to the Prophet

58
Q

Safavid Dynasty

A

Dynasty that developed out of Eastern Persia in the 16th century

59
Q

Sultanate of Delhi

A

Islamic dynasties that ruled over Northern India

60
Q

Vijayanagar Empire

A

Hindu kingdom that arose in Southern India after 1340

61
Q

An-Andalus

A

Muslim name for Spain

62
Q

Córdoba

A

Capital of al-Andalus

63
Q

Reconquest of Spain

A

Moors driven out of Granada, Spain by Christians after 750 years of fighting with Muslims for land

64
Q

Caesaropapism

A

Political system where secular ruler, also head of religious establishment, headed Byzantine Empire

65
Q

Crusades

A

Series of holy wars where Western forces seized Constantinople and ruled Byzantium for the next half century

66
Q

Kievan Rus

A

Civilization emerging around city of Kiev in ninth century and adopting Christianity as its religion

67
Q

High Middle Ages

A

Period from 1000 to 1300

68
Q

Maya Civilization

A

Major civilization of Mesoamerica. Around modern day Guatemala and Mexico

69
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Metropolis; capital of Aztec Empre

70
Q

Chinampas

A

Artificial islands created from swamplands

71
Q

Inca Empire

A

Built by Incas along Andes Mountains in South America

72
Q

Quipus

A

Knotted cords that served as an accounting device

73
Q

Quenchua

A

Language spoken by the Incas

74
Q

Mita

A

Labor service the Incas demanded from their citizens

AP World (17 decks)

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