Vocab

Question 1

Law of segregation

Answer 1

Mendelian principal explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles

Question 2

heterozygous

Answer 2

when there are two different alleles for a trait

Question 3

trait

Answer 3

characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive

Question 4

pollination

Answer 4

transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism

Question 6

heredity

Answer 6

passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring

Question 7

Genetic recombination

Answer 7

major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by re-assortment or crossing over during meiosis

Question 8

fertilization

Answer 8

fusion of male and female gametes

Question 9

hybrid

Answer 9

offspring formed by parents having different forms of a specific trait.

Question 10

homozygous

Answer 10

when there are two identical alleles for a trait

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

combination of genes in an organism

Question 12

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 12

Mendelian principal stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

Question 13

sexual reproduction

Answer 13

pattern of reproduction that involves the production of subsequent fusion of haploid cells.

Question 14

nondisjunction

Answer 14

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes

Question 15

recessive

Answer 15

trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

Question 16

phenotype

Answer 16

outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes.