Vocab

Question 1

Symbol

Answer 1

Things that stand for or represent something else.

Question 2

Cultural universal

Answer 2

Traits that exist in all cultures.

Question 3

Formal sanctions

Answer 3

These are sanctions applied only by officially designated people
Example: judge, teacher, principal

Question 4

Informal sanctions

Answer 4

These are sanctions that could applied by most members of the group.

Question 5

Ethnocentrism

Answer 5

Judging others in terms of your own cultural standards.

Question 6

Sociobiology

Answer 6

The study of the biological basis of human behavior

Question 7

Beliefs

Answer 7

Ideas about the nature of reality (can be true or false)

Question 8

Real culture

Answer 8

Actual behavior patterns, often conflict with these guidelines.

Question 9

Ideal culture

Answer 9

Culture guidelines publicity embraced by society

Question 10

Instinct

Answer 10

Generally inherited patterned of behavior

Question 11

Drive

Answer 11

Impulses to reduce discomfort

Question 12

Reflex

Answer 12

Biological, inherited, automatic reaction to stimuli

Question 13

Values

Answer 13

Broad ideas about what most consider desirable

Question 14

Sanctions

Answer 14

Rewards and punishments to encourage norm following

Question 15

Norms

Answer 15

Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate to behavior

Question 16

Folkways.

Answer 16

These are the rules that are customary but lack moral overtones

Question 17

Mores

Answer 17

These are Norms with great significance

Question 18

Taboos

Answer 18

Norms that are so strong they’re violation demands punishment. (They are the “unthinkable” acts)

Question 19

Laws

Answer 19

These are norms formally defined and enforced by officials

Question 20

Material culture

Answer 20

Things you can feel, touch, see

Examples: skyscrapers, fast food, cars, cell phones.

Question 21

Nonmaterial culture

Answer 21

Ideas, knowledge and beliefs that influence people’s behavior.

Beliefs, rules, customs, family system, capitalist economy.

Question 22

Subculture:

Answer 22

Part of dominant culture but differs in some important respect.
Example: china town, Chinese living in America.

Question 23

Counterculture

Answer 23

Subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture

Example: against ex goth, punk

Question 24

Societal categories

Answer 24

Groups that share a social characteristic (like age, gender, religion)

Question 25

Culture:

Answer 25

Consist of knowledge, language, values, customs and physical objects passed from one generation to the next

Question 26

Society

Answer 26

Group of people who live in a define territory and participate in a common culture.
Human culture must be learned.